The article "The adverse role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the reproductive system" by Jing Pan, Pengfei Liu, Xiao Yu, Zhongming Zhang, and Jinxing Liu, published in *Frontiers in Endocrinology*, reviews the detrimental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive health. EDCs, characterized by their hormone-like effects, are widely present in the environment and various products, posing significant threats to human reproductive systems. The review focuses on several commonly encountered EDCs, including bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates (PAEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), parabens, pesticides, heavy metals, and others, and their impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The authors highlight that EDCs can disrupt the normal functioning of the HPG axis, leading to various reproductive disorders such as uterine fibroids (UFs), endometriosis (EMs), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), infertility, and cancers of the reproductive organs. They provide detailed evidence from animal models and human epidemiological studies, emphasizing the complex mechanisms by which EDCs affect reproductive health. Key findings include: - **BPA**: Known for its estrogenic effects, BPA can enhance cell proliferation in uterine leiomyoma cells and promote fibroid growth through various signaling pathways. - **PAEs**: These plasticizers can increase the risk of UFs and EMs by interfering with estrogen-related signaling pathways and causing oxidative stress. - **PCBs**: Associated with increased risk of UFs and PCOS, PCBs can disrupt steroidogenesis and affect ovarian function. - **Parabens**: Parabens can act as anti-estrogens, contributing to the development of UFs and PCOS. - **Pesticides**: Pesticides like pyrethroids and malathion can reduce ovarian reserve and cause reproductive toxicity. - **Heavy Metals**: Heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury can disrupt the HPG axis and lead to reproductive disorders. The review underscores the need for further research to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and to develop strategies for reducing exposure to EDCs. It also highlights the importance of regulatory actions to protect reproductive health and the environment from the harmful impacts of EDCs.The article "The adverse role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the reproductive system" by Jing Pan, Pengfei Liu, Xiao Yu, Zhongming Zhang, and Jinxing Liu, published in *Frontiers in Endocrinology*, reviews the detrimental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive health. EDCs, characterized by their hormone-like effects, are widely present in the environment and various products, posing significant threats to human reproductive systems. The review focuses on several commonly encountered EDCs, including bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates (PAEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), parabens, pesticides, heavy metals, and others, and their impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The authors highlight that EDCs can disrupt the normal functioning of the HPG axis, leading to various reproductive disorders such as uterine fibroids (UFs), endometriosis (EMs), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), infertility, and cancers of the reproductive organs. They provide detailed evidence from animal models and human epidemiological studies, emphasizing the complex mechanisms by which EDCs affect reproductive health. Key findings include: - **BPA**: Known for its estrogenic effects, BPA can enhance cell proliferation in uterine leiomyoma cells and promote fibroid growth through various signaling pathways. - **PAEs**: These plasticizers can increase the risk of UFs and EMs by interfering with estrogen-related signaling pathways and causing oxidative stress. - **PCBs**: Associated with increased risk of UFs and PCOS, PCBs can disrupt steroidogenesis and affect ovarian function. - **Parabens**: Parabens can act as anti-estrogens, contributing to the development of UFs and PCOS. - **Pesticides**: Pesticides like pyrethroids and malathion can reduce ovarian reserve and cause reproductive toxicity. - **Heavy Metals**: Heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury can disrupt the HPG axis and lead to reproductive disorders. The review underscores the need for further research to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and to develop strategies for reducing exposure to EDCs. It also highlights the importance of regulatory actions to protect reproductive health and the environment from the harmful impacts of EDCs.