The paper provides a detailed description of the data and methods used to estimate global biomass distribution, focusing on different taxonomic groups and environments. The authors use a combination of literature sources and remote sensing data to estimate biomass for various organisms, including plants, bacteria, archaea, and protists. For plants, they consider both forest and non-forest ecosystems, taking into account land-use changes. The best estimate for global plant biomass is approximately 450 Gt C, with uncertainties ranging from 1.1 to 1.2-fold. For bacteria and archaea, the global biomass is estimated at approximately 70 Gt C for bacteria and 7 Gt C for archaea, with uncertainties of about 10-fold and 13-fold, respectively. The analysis also includes estimates for marine bacteria and archaea, soil bacteria and archaea, and deep subsurface sediments. The methods used to estimate these values involve meta-analyses, remote sensing, and various sampling techniques, with uncertainties arising from the reliability of different methodologies and data sources. The paper aims to provide a transparent and comprehensive overview of the global biomass distribution, highlighting the contributions of different taxonomic groups and environmental contexts.The paper provides a detailed description of the data and methods used to estimate global biomass distribution, focusing on different taxonomic groups and environments. The authors use a combination of literature sources and remote sensing data to estimate biomass for various organisms, including plants, bacteria, archaea, and protists. For plants, they consider both forest and non-forest ecosystems, taking into account land-use changes. The best estimate for global plant biomass is approximately 450 Gt C, with uncertainties ranging from 1.1 to 1.2-fold. For bacteria and archaea, the global biomass is estimated at approximately 70 Gt C for bacteria and 7 Gt C for archaea, with uncertainties of about 10-fold and 13-fold, respectively. The analysis also includes estimates for marine bacteria and archaea, soil bacteria and archaea, and deep subsurface sediments. The methods used to estimate these values involve meta-analyses, remote sensing, and various sampling techniques, with uncertainties arising from the reliability of different methodologies and data sources. The paper aims to provide a transparent and comprehensive overview of the global biomass distribution, highlighting the contributions of different taxonomic groups and environmental contexts.