The NF-κB family of transcription factors plays a crucial role in inflammation and innate immunity, and is increasingly recognized as a key player in cancer initiation and progression. NF-κB interacts with various signaling molecules and pathways, including other transcription factors (such as STAT3, p53, and ERG), kinases (such as GSK3-β, p38, and PI3K), reactive oxygen species, and microRNAs (miRNAs). These interactions contribute to the complex regulation of NF-κB activity and its effects on cellular processes. Inflammation and cancer are characterized by elevated NF-κB activity, which can be activated by various stimuli and can lead to the activation of anti-apoptotic genes, cytokine production, and immune response regulation. NF-κB signaling is also involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the control of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. The crosstalk between NF-κB and other signaling pathways, such as the canonical, non-canonical, and atypical NF-κB signaling pathways, further complicates the regulation of NF-κB activity. Additionally, miRNAs can regulate NF-κB activity directly or indirectly by targeting NF-κB family members or upstream signaling molecules. The complex network of interactions involving NF-κB and its signaling network highlights its essential role in biological processes and its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment.The NF-κB family of transcription factors plays a crucial role in inflammation and innate immunity, and is increasingly recognized as a key player in cancer initiation and progression. NF-κB interacts with various signaling molecules and pathways, including other transcription factors (such as STAT3, p53, and ERG), kinases (such as GSK3-β, p38, and PI3K), reactive oxygen species, and microRNAs (miRNAs). These interactions contribute to the complex regulation of NF-κB activity and its effects on cellular processes. Inflammation and cancer are characterized by elevated NF-κB activity, which can be activated by various stimuli and can lead to the activation of anti-apoptotic genes, cytokine production, and immune response regulation. NF-κB signaling is also involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the control of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. The crosstalk between NF-κB and other signaling pathways, such as the canonical, non-canonical, and atypical NF-κB signaling pathways, further complicates the regulation of NF-κB activity. Additionally, miRNAs can regulate NF-κB activity directly or indirectly by targeting NF-κB family members or upstream signaling molecules. The complex network of interactions involving NF-κB and its signaling network highlights its essential role in biological processes and its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment.