In the last thirty years, there have been profound changes in how we understand crime and criminal justice. Crime has become a symbolic event, a test for social order and government policies, and a challenge to civil society, democracy, and human rights. David Garland, a leading sociologist of punishment, argues that in late modernity, there has been an obsession with security, leading to harsher penalties and greater intolerance towards criminals. This trend is evident in both the United States and England, despite their racial divisions, economic inequalities, and high levels of violent crime. Garland's book, part of a trilogy, provides a critical and detailed analysis of these changes, drawing on extensive research and literature. He explores the emergence of a "culture of control," where crime prevention and risk management have become central, and traditional penal institutions have lost their monopoly. The book highlights the shift from a welfare state penal system to a more punitive and control-oriented approach, influenced by economic and social transformations. It also discusses the impact of globalization, technology, and changing social dynamics on criminal justice practices. Garland's work is a significant contribution to understanding the current state of criminal justice and the challenges it faces in the twenty-first century.In the last thirty years, there have been profound changes in how we understand crime and criminal justice. Crime has become a symbolic event, a test for social order and government policies, and a challenge to civil society, democracy, and human rights. David Garland, a leading sociologist of punishment, argues that in late modernity, there has been an obsession with security, leading to harsher penalties and greater intolerance towards criminals. This trend is evident in both the United States and England, despite their racial divisions, economic inequalities, and high levels of violent crime. Garland's book, part of a trilogy, provides a critical and detailed analysis of these changes, drawing on extensive research and literature. He explores the emergence of a "culture of control," where crime prevention and risk management have become central, and traditional penal institutions have lost their monopoly. The book highlights the shift from a welfare state penal system to a more punitive and control-oriented approach, influenced by economic and social transformations. It also discusses the impact of globalization, technology, and changing social dynamics on criminal justice practices. Garland's work is a significant contribution to understanding the current state of criminal justice and the challenges it faces in the twenty-first century.