The article discusses the complex reception of Darwin's theory of evolution in Polish culture during the 19th century, highlighting its profound impact on literature, philosophy, and public discourse. Darwin's works, particularly "On the Origin of Species" and "The Descent of Man," were not only scientific breakthroughs but also narrative masterpieces that blended scientific observation with literary storytelling. This unique style made Darwin's ideas accessible and widely influential, even among non-scientists. The article explores how Darwin's narrative style, characterized by its dramatic and realistic storytelling, created a powerful connection between science and literature. It notes that Darwin's work was compared to novels, as it presented a compelling and imaginative account of evolutionary processes, which could not be directly observed. This narrative approach contributed to the widespread popularity of Darwin's ideas, making them a central part of cultural and intellectual life. The article also examines the ambivalence of Darwin's influence. While his theory challenged traditional views of human exceptionalism, it also sparked debates about the role of nature, human destiny, and the implications of evolution for society. Some Polish thinkers, like Józef Nusbaum and Szymon Błachowski, recognized the literary and narrative strengths of Darwin's work, which helped it resonate with a broad audience. However, the article also points out the resistance and misinterpretations of Darwin's ideas, particularly in the context of Polish nationalism and political struggles. Darwin's theory was sometimes used to justify social and racial hierarchies, and some Polish intellectuals resisted its implications, fearing it undermined human dignity and national identity. The article further discusses how Polish writers, such as Eliza Orzeszkowa and Bolesław Prus, engaged with Darwinian ideas, often adapting them to fit their literary and philosophical perspectives. They explored themes of adaptation, survival, and human nature, sometimes using Darwinian concepts to critique or reflect on social and political conditions. In conclusion, the article highlights the multifaceted impact of Darwin's theory on Polish culture, emphasizing its narrative power, intellectual influence, and the complex ways in which it was received and interpreted by different groups. It underscores the enduring legacy of Darwin's work in shaping modern thought and its continued relevance in understanding the relationship between science, literature, and society.The article discusses the complex reception of Darwin's theory of evolution in Polish culture during the 19th century, highlighting its profound impact on literature, philosophy, and public discourse. Darwin's works, particularly "On the Origin of Species" and "The Descent of Man," were not only scientific breakthroughs but also narrative masterpieces that blended scientific observation with literary storytelling. This unique style made Darwin's ideas accessible and widely influential, even among non-scientists. The article explores how Darwin's narrative style, characterized by its dramatic and realistic storytelling, created a powerful connection between science and literature. It notes that Darwin's work was compared to novels, as it presented a compelling and imaginative account of evolutionary processes, which could not be directly observed. This narrative approach contributed to the widespread popularity of Darwin's ideas, making them a central part of cultural and intellectual life. The article also examines the ambivalence of Darwin's influence. While his theory challenged traditional views of human exceptionalism, it also sparked debates about the role of nature, human destiny, and the implications of evolution for society. Some Polish thinkers, like Józef Nusbaum and Szymon Błachowski, recognized the literary and narrative strengths of Darwin's work, which helped it resonate with a broad audience. However, the article also points out the resistance and misinterpretations of Darwin's ideas, particularly in the context of Polish nationalism and political struggles. Darwin's theory was sometimes used to justify social and racial hierarchies, and some Polish intellectuals resisted its implications, fearing it undermined human dignity and national identity. The article further discusses how Polish writers, such as Eliza Orzeszkowa and Bolesław Prus, engaged with Darwinian ideas, often adapting them to fit their literary and philosophical perspectives. They explored themes of adaptation, survival, and human nature, sometimes using Darwinian concepts to critique or reflect on social and political conditions. In conclusion, the article highlights the multifaceted impact of Darwin's theory on Polish culture, emphasizing its narrative power, intellectual influence, and the complex ways in which it was received and interpreted by different groups. It underscores the enduring legacy of Darwin's work in shaping modern thought and its continued relevance in understanding the relationship between science, literature, and society.