The article provides a comprehensive review of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a condition characterized by cognitive decline that is not severe enough to require assistance with daily activities. The prevalence of MCI in adults aged 65 and older is 10-20%, with risk increasing with age and men being at higher risk than women. Depression, polypharmacy, and uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors are common in older MCI patients and may increase the risk of cognitive impairment and negative outcomes. Currently, no medications have been proven effective for MCI, but treatments and interventions should focus on reducing cardiovascular risk factors and preventing stroke. Aerobic exercise, mental activity, and social engagement may help reduce the risk of further cognitive decline. While patients with MCI have a higher risk of developing dementia compared to the general population, there is significant variation in risk estimates, ranging from <5% to 20% annual conversion rates. Current research aims to improve early detection and treatment of MCI, particularly in high-risk patients. The article also includes a case study of Mrs. J, an 81-year-old woman with hypertension and hyperlipidemia who experienced memory decline, and discusses the importance of managing MCI in primary care settings as the population of older adults increases.The article provides a comprehensive review of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a condition characterized by cognitive decline that is not severe enough to require assistance with daily activities. The prevalence of MCI in adults aged 65 and older is 10-20%, with risk increasing with age and men being at higher risk than women. Depression, polypharmacy, and uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors are common in older MCI patients and may increase the risk of cognitive impairment and negative outcomes. Currently, no medications have been proven effective for MCI, but treatments and interventions should focus on reducing cardiovascular risk factors and preventing stroke. Aerobic exercise, mental activity, and social engagement may help reduce the risk of further cognitive decline. While patients with MCI have a higher risk of developing dementia compared to the general population, there is significant variation in risk estimates, ranging from <5% to 20% annual conversion rates. Current research aims to improve early detection and treatment of MCI, particularly in high-risk patients. The article also includes a case study of Mrs. J, an 81-year-old woman with hypertension and hyperlipidemia who experienced memory decline, and discusses the importance of managing MCI in primary care settings as the population of older adults increases.