The report examines the economic impacts of inadequate software testing infrastructure in the U.S. It highlights the increasing complexity of software and the challenges in defining and measuring software quality. Software quality attributes include functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability. However, these metrics are often subjective and not rigorously quantifiable. The report also discusses the impact of inadequate testing on software development costs, time to market, and market transaction costs. The study focuses on two industries: transportation manufacturing and financial services. In the transportation sector, software testing is crucial for CAD/CAM/CAE and PDM systems. Developers and users were surveyed, revealing significant costs associated with software errors. In the financial services sector, software testing is essential for clearinghouse software and routers. The report estimates that the total economic impact of inadequate software testing infrastructure in the U.S. is approximately $59.5 billion annually, with users accounting for about 60% of the costs. The report also discusses the importance of standardized testing tools and metrics in improving software quality. It highlights the need for better testing methods and tools to reduce the costs associated with software errors. The study concludes that improving software testing infrastructure can lead to significant cost savings and better software quality. The findings are intended to help identify the infrastructure needs that NIST can supply to industry through its research programs.The report examines the economic impacts of inadequate software testing infrastructure in the U.S. It highlights the increasing complexity of software and the challenges in defining and measuring software quality. Software quality attributes include functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability. However, these metrics are often subjective and not rigorously quantifiable. The report also discusses the impact of inadequate testing on software development costs, time to market, and market transaction costs. The study focuses on two industries: transportation manufacturing and financial services. In the transportation sector, software testing is crucial for CAD/CAM/CAE and PDM systems. Developers and users were surveyed, revealing significant costs associated with software errors. In the financial services sector, software testing is essential for clearinghouse software and routers. The report estimates that the total economic impact of inadequate software testing infrastructure in the U.S. is approximately $59.5 billion annually, with users accounting for about 60% of the costs. The report also discusses the importance of standardized testing tools and metrics in improving software quality. It highlights the need for better testing methods and tools to reduce the costs associated with software errors. The study concludes that improving software testing infrastructure can lead to significant cost savings and better software quality. The findings are intended to help identify the infrastructure needs that NIST can supply to industry through its research programs.