Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, leading to damage in reproductive functions. OS affects both male and female fertility, causing issues like endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and unexplained infertility. It also contributes to pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol, and drug use, as well as environmental pollutants, increase ROS production, worsening fertility. Antioxidants may help reduce ROS and improve reproductive outcomes, but more human studies are needed. OS impacts assisted reproductive techniques (ART), and antioxidant supplementation in ART media may enhance success. Future research should focus on understanding OS mechanisms and antioxidant benefits in female reproduction. Keywords: Antioxidants, Assisted reproduction, Environmental pollutants, Female infertility, Lifestyle factors, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Reproductive pathology.Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, leading to damage in reproductive functions. OS affects both male and female fertility, causing issues like endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and unexplained infertility. It also contributes to pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol, and drug use, as well as environmental pollutants, increase ROS production, worsening fertility. Antioxidants may help reduce ROS and improve reproductive outcomes, but more human studies are needed. OS impacts assisted reproductive techniques (ART), and antioxidant supplementation in ART media may enhance success. Future research should focus on understanding OS mechanisms and antioxidant benefits in female reproduction. Keywords: Antioxidants, Assisted reproduction, Environmental pollutants, Female infertility, Lifestyle factors, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Reproductive pathology.