The paper discusses the emergence of surface-based Arctic amplification, a phenomenon where surface and lower troposphere air temperatures rise more significantly in the Arctic compared to the Northern Hemisphere as a whole. This amplification is primarily driven by the loss of sea ice cover, which allows for strong heat transfers from the ocean to the atmosphere. The authors use data from the NCEP/NCAR and JRA-25 reanalyses to show that this amplification has become more pronounced in recent years, with temperature anomalies growing stronger from the lower troposphere towards the surface. The largest temperature anomalies are observed in autumn, aligning with the observed reduction in September sea ice extent. The paper also highlights the importance of longwave radiation emitted by the surface and the role of atmospheric circulation in enhancing the vertical structure of temperature changes. The findings suggest that the Arctic amplification is a result of both sea ice loss and atmospheric circulation patterns, and they provide insights into the expected future impacts of climate change in the Arctic.The paper discusses the emergence of surface-based Arctic amplification, a phenomenon where surface and lower troposphere air temperatures rise more significantly in the Arctic compared to the Northern Hemisphere as a whole. This amplification is primarily driven by the loss of sea ice cover, which allows for strong heat transfers from the ocean to the atmosphere. The authors use data from the NCEP/NCAR and JRA-25 reanalyses to show that this amplification has become more pronounced in recent years, with temperature anomalies growing stronger from the lower troposphere towards the surface. The largest temperature anomalies are observed in autumn, aligning with the observed reduction in September sea ice extent. The paper also highlights the importance of longwave radiation emitted by the surface and the role of atmospheric circulation in enhancing the vertical structure of temperature changes. The findings suggest that the Arctic amplification is a result of both sea ice loss and atmospheric circulation patterns, and they provide insights into the expected future impacts of climate change in the Arctic.