The Arctic is experiencing amplified warming compared to the rest of the Northern Hemisphere, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification. This is primarily driven by the loss of sea ice, which allows more heat to be transferred from the ocean to the atmosphere. The study shows that surface-based Arctic amplification has emerged in the last decade, as indicated by reanalysis data from the NCEP/NCAR and JRA-25 projects. The warming is most pronounced in the autumn and winter seasons, with the strongest warming at the surface and in the lower troposphere. This vertical structure of warming is enhanced by low-level atmospheric stability, which inhibits vertical mixing. The warming is less pronounced in summer, when energy is used to melt remaining sea ice and increase the sensible heat content of the upper ocean. The loss of snow cover also contributes to amplified temperature changes, but these are less pronounced than over the ocean. The study uses data from the Community Climate System Model (CCSM3) to illustrate these findings. The results show that Arctic amplification is becoming more pronounced, with the largest warming anomalies at the pole rather than at lower Arctic latitudes. The study also highlights the role of atmospheric circulation patterns in influencing the vertical temperature structure. The findings suggest that the observed warming is consistent with the effects of greenhouse gas forcing, and that the Arctic is likely to experience further warming in the coming decades. The study concludes that the emerging Arctic amplification is a result of declining sea ice extent and is a harbinger of more pronounced warming in the future.The Arctic is experiencing amplified warming compared to the rest of the Northern Hemisphere, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification. This is primarily driven by the loss of sea ice, which allows more heat to be transferred from the ocean to the atmosphere. The study shows that surface-based Arctic amplification has emerged in the last decade, as indicated by reanalysis data from the NCEP/NCAR and JRA-25 projects. The warming is most pronounced in the autumn and winter seasons, with the strongest warming at the surface and in the lower troposphere. This vertical structure of warming is enhanced by low-level atmospheric stability, which inhibits vertical mixing. The warming is less pronounced in summer, when energy is used to melt remaining sea ice and increase the sensible heat content of the upper ocean. The loss of snow cover also contributes to amplified temperature changes, but these are less pronounced than over the ocean. The study uses data from the Community Climate System Model (CCSM3) to illustrate these findings. The results show that Arctic amplification is becoming more pronounced, with the largest warming anomalies at the pole rather than at lower Arctic latitudes. The study also highlights the role of atmospheric circulation patterns in influencing the vertical temperature structure. The findings suggest that the observed warming is consistent with the effects of greenhouse gas forcing, and that the Arctic is likely to experience further warming in the coming decades. The study concludes that the emerging Arctic amplification is a result of declining sea ice extent and is a harbinger of more pronounced warming in the future.