Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 11% of the global population. It is diagnosed clinically, with no definitive biomarker, and is associated with symptoms such as abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The diagnostic criteria for IBS, including the Rome criteria, have evolved over time, leading to variations in prevalence estimates. IBS is more common in women than in men, with a 67% higher prevalence in women. Prevalence decreases with age, particularly in those over 50, and there is no significant association with socioeconomic status. IBS tends to cluster within families, suggesting possible genetic and environmental factors. Patients with IBS are more likely to have other functional gastrointestinal disorders and may undergo unnecessary surgeries due to misdiagnosis. IBS is not associated with increased mortality, though it significantly impacts quality of life and may lead to higher healthcare utilization. The natural history of IBS includes symptom fluctuations and a potential link to other functional conditions. IBS is often underdiagnosed, with only a subset of affected individuals seeking medical attention. The prevalence of IBS varies by region and is influenced by factors such as access to healthcare and societal attitudes. IBS is a significant healthcare burden, requiring further research into its epidemiology and management to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes.Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 11% of the global population. It is diagnosed clinically, with no definitive biomarker, and is associated with symptoms such as abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The diagnostic criteria for IBS, including the Rome criteria, have evolved over time, leading to variations in prevalence estimates. IBS is more common in women than in men, with a 67% higher prevalence in women. Prevalence decreases with age, particularly in those over 50, and there is no significant association with socioeconomic status. IBS tends to cluster within families, suggesting possible genetic and environmental factors. Patients with IBS are more likely to have other functional gastrointestinal disorders and may undergo unnecessary surgeries due to misdiagnosis. IBS is not associated with increased mortality, though it significantly impacts quality of life and may lead to higher healthcare utilization. The natural history of IBS includes symptom fluctuations and a potential link to other functional conditions. IBS is often underdiagnosed, with only a subset of affected individuals seeking medical attention. The prevalence of IBS varies by region and is influenced by factors such as access to healthcare and societal attitudes. IBS is a significant healthcare burden, requiring further research into its epidemiology and management to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes.