The evolution of eusociality, characterized by individuals reducing their reproductive potential to raise others' offspring, is a key feature of advanced social organization in insects and humans. For decades, kin selection theory, based on inclusive fitness, has been the primary explanation for eusocial evolution. However, this theory has limitations. A more effective approach is standard natural selection theory, which allows for evaluating multiple hypotheses and provides an exact framework for interpreting empirical data. Kin selection theory, which posits that cooperation is favored if relatedness exceeds the cost-to-benefit ratio, has been widely accepted. However, its application has been challenged by evidence showing that eusociality is not exclusive to hymenopterans and that relatedness alone does not explain its emergence. Additionally, inclusive fitness theory requires strict assumptions that are rarely met in nature, and its results often align with standard natural selection theory, making it unnecessary. The paper argues that eusociality arises through a series of stages: group formation, preadaptations that facilitate group cohesion, mutations that promote group persistence, and the emergence of traits through natural selection. These stages are supported by examples from various species, including ants, bees, and termites. The paper also highlights that eusociality is not solely driven by kinship but by factors such as the advantage of defensible nests and the evolution of cooperative behaviors. The paper proposes an alternative theory of eusocial evolution, emphasizing the role of environmental pressures and preadaptations rather than kin selection. It suggests that eusociality emerges when individuals remain at a nest, leading to cooperative interactions and the development of complex social structures. The paper also discusses the limitations of inclusive fitness theory and advocates for a more general approach based on standard natural selection theory. The study concludes that eusociality is a complex phenomenon that involves multiple stages and factors, and that a more comprehensive understanding of its evolution requires a broader theoretical framework. The paper emphasizes the importance of empirical research and the need to move beyond kin selection theory to better understand the evolution of social behavior.The evolution of eusociality, characterized by individuals reducing their reproductive potential to raise others' offspring, is a key feature of advanced social organization in insects and humans. For decades, kin selection theory, based on inclusive fitness, has been the primary explanation for eusocial evolution. However, this theory has limitations. A more effective approach is standard natural selection theory, which allows for evaluating multiple hypotheses and provides an exact framework for interpreting empirical data. Kin selection theory, which posits that cooperation is favored if relatedness exceeds the cost-to-benefit ratio, has been widely accepted. However, its application has been challenged by evidence showing that eusociality is not exclusive to hymenopterans and that relatedness alone does not explain its emergence. Additionally, inclusive fitness theory requires strict assumptions that are rarely met in nature, and its results often align with standard natural selection theory, making it unnecessary. The paper argues that eusociality arises through a series of stages: group formation, preadaptations that facilitate group cohesion, mutations that promote group persistence, and the emergence of traits through natural selection. These stages are supported by examples from various species, including ants, bees, and termites. The paper also highlights that eusociality is not solely driven by kinship but by factors such as the advantage of defensible nests and the evolution of cooperative behaviors. The paper proposes an alternative theory of eusocial evolution, emphasizing the role of environmental pressures and preadaptations rather than kin selection. It suggests that eusociality emerges when individuals remain at a nest, leading to cooperative interactions and the development of complex social structures. The paper also discusses the limitations of inclusive fitness theory and advocates for a more general approach based on standard natural selection theory. The study concludes that eusociality is a complex phenomenon that involves multiple stages and factors, and that a more comprehensive understanding of its evolution requires a broader theoretical framework. The paper emphasizes the importance of empirical research and the need to move beyond kin selection theory to better understand the evolution of social behavior.