Invasive species have significantly altered evolutionary processes since the Age of Exploration, leading to dramatic changes in biotic communities and ecosystems. The movement of species across biogeographic barriers has resulted in competitive exclusion, hybridization, introgression, and predation, which can lead to the extinction of native species. Invasive species themselves evolve in response to their new environments, often adapting rapidly to new selective pressures. This evolution can be observed in traits such as body size, behavior, and feeding preferences. For example, invasive fruit flies have evolved adaptive clines in wing size, and introduced species like the soapberry bug have evolved different beak lengths in response to new hosts. Hybridization and introgression between invasive and native species can lead to the loss of fitness in native species or the creation of new species. Hybridization has been observed in various taxa, including plants and fish, and can result in the formation of new, fertile species. Invasive species can also cause niche displacement, leading to the dominance of invasive species over native ones. This is evident in the case of the gray squirrel displacing the red squirrel in Britain and the invasive fire ant reducing native ant diversity. Invasive species can also disrupt mutualistic relationships, such as seed dispersal by ants, leading to the extinction of native species. Additionally, invasive species can drive native species to extinction through predation, competition, and other interactions. The introduction of the brown tree snake to Guam has caused significant ecological disruption, leading to the extinction of several bird species. Similarly, the introduction of the Nile perch to Lake Victoria has led to the extinction of hundreds of cichlid fish species. The mixing of biota has led to a dramatic transformation of the Earth's ecosystems, with invasive species playing a major role in altering evolutionary trajectories. The consequences of these changes are far-reaching, affecting not only the functioning of ecosystems but also the future evolutionary trajectory of life on Earth. The impacts of invasive species are particularly severe on islands, where native species are often more vulnerable to extinction. The long-term effects of invasive species on global biodiversity are a growing concern, as the rate of species introduction and the speed of evolutionary responses continue to increase.Invasive species have significantly altered evolutionary processes since the Age of Exploration, leading to dramatic changes in biotic communities and ecosystems. The movement of species across biogeographic barriers has resulted in competitive exclusion, hybridization, introgression, and predation, which can lead to the extinction of native species. Invasive species themselves evolve in response to their new environments, often adapting rapidly to new selective pressures. This evolution can be observed in traits such as body size, behavior, and feeding preferences. For example, invasive fruit flies have evolved adaptive clines in wing size, and introduced species like the soapberry bug have evolved different beak lengths in response to new hosts. Hybridization and introgression between invasive and native species can lead to the loss of fitness in native species or the creation of new species. Hybridization has been observed in various taxa, including plants and fish, and can result in the formation of new, fertile species. Invasive species can also cause niche displacement, leading to the dominance of invasive species over native ones. This is evident in the case of the gray squirrel displacing the red squirrel in Britain and the invasive fire ant reducing native ant diversity. Invasive species can also disrupt mutualistic relationships, such as seed dispersal by ants, leading to the extinction of native species. Additionally, invasive species can drive native species to extinction through predation, competition, and other interactions. The introduction of the brown tree snake to Guam has caused significant ecological disruption, leading to the extinction of several bird species. Similarly, the introduction of the Nile perch to Lake Victoria has led to the extinction of hundreds of cichlid fish species. The mixing of biota has led to a dramatic transformation of the Earth's ecosystems, with invasive species playing a major role in altering evolutionary trajectories. The consequences of these changes are far-reaching, affecting not only the functioning of ecosystems but also the future evolutionary trajectory of life on Earth. The impacts of invasive species are particularly severe on islands, where native species are often more vulnerable to extinction. The long-term effects of invasive species on global biodiversity are a growing concern, as the rate of species introduction and the speed of evolutionary responses continue to increase.