The chapter by Feldman Barrett, Mesquita, Ochsner, and Gross explores the scientific understanding of emotional experiences, emphasizing the need to address both the content and process of these experiences. It argues that emotional experiences are content-rich events that emerge at the psychological level but are causally constituted by neurobiological processes. The authors review existing theories and models of emotion, including materialist and behaviorist approaches, and introduce the concept of biological naturalism, which posits that emotional experiences are ontologically subjective, content-rich, and primarily intentional events. They discuss the role of core affect, which is a universal capacity for experiencing pleasure and displeasure, and how it is bound with perceptions of meaning and conceptual knowledge to form more complex emotional experiences. The chapter also examines the neural reference space for emotional experiences, highlighting brain regions involved in processing core affect and other emotional contents. Finally, it addresses the neurobiology of core affect and the neural mechanisms underlying emotional contents beyond core affect, suggesting that mental state attributions play a crucial role in forming emotional experiences.The chapter by Feldman Barrett, Mesquita, Ochsner, and Gross explores the scientific understanding of emotional experiences, emphasizing the need to address both the content and process of these experiences. It argues that emotional experiences are content-rich events that emerge at the psychological level but are causally constituted by neurobiological processes. The authors review existing theories and models of emotion, including materialist and behaviorist approaches, and introduce the concept of biological naturalism, which posits that emotional experiences are ontologically subjective, content-rich, and primarily intentional events. They discuss the role of core affect, which is a universal capacity for experiencing pleasure and displeasure, and how it is bound with perceptions of meaning and conceptual knowledge to form more complex emotional experiences. The chapter also examines the neural reference space for emotional experiences, highlighting brain regions involved in processing core affect and other emotional contents. Finally, it addresses the neurobiology of core affect and the neural mechanisms underlying emotional contents beyond core affect, suggesting that mental state attributions play a crucial role in forming emotional experiences.