The eyes have it! Reflexive orienting is triggered by nonpredictive gaze

The eyes have it! Reflexive orienting is triggered by nonpredictive gaze

1998, 5 (3), 490-495 | CHRIS KELLAND FRIESEN and ALAN KINGSTONE
This study explores whether gaze shifts can trigger reflexive shifts of attention in adults. Participants were shown a schematic face looking left, right, or straight ahead, and a target letter (F or T) appeared to the left or right of the face. Despite being told that the face's gaze direction did not predict the target location, participants responded faster when the target appeared where the face was looking. This suggests that gaze direction can reflexively orient attention, even when the cue is not predictive. The study used a modified version of the Posner cuing paradigm. Participants were instructed to maintain fixation on the face and respond to the target letter. The results showed that response times were faster when the target appeared where the face was looking, indicating reflexive orienting. This effect was rapid, short-lived, and did not result in slower responses at the uncued location. The findings suggest that gaze direction can trigger reflexive covert attention, a form of exogenous orienting. This is supported by evidence that such orienting occurs quickly, is not dependent on predictive cues, and does not involve costs at the uncued location. The study also highlights the role of the parietal cortex and the superior temporal sulcus in processing gaze information and triggering attentional shifts. The study's results have implications for theories of social attention and visual orienting. They suggest that the human brain is specialized for processing gaze direction and that this can trigger reflexive attentional shifts. The findings also indicate that gaze direction can have a powerful effect on attentional orienting, even when the gaze is not predictive of an important environmental event. The study demonstrates that a nonpredictive shift in gaze can trigger reflexive orienting, which is a fundamental aspect of visual attention.This study explores whether gaze shifts can trigger reflexive shifts of attention in adults. Participants were shown a schematic face looking left, right, or straight ahead, and a target letter (F or T) appeared to the left or right of the face. Despite being told that the face's gaze direction did not predict the target location, participants responded faster when the target appeared where the face was looking. This suggests that gaze direction can reflexively orient attention, even when the cue is not predictive. The study used a modified version of the Posner cuing paradigm. Participants were instructed to maintain fixation on the face and respond to the target letter. The results showed that response times were faster when the target appeared where the face was looking, indicating reflexive orienting. This effect was rapid, short-lived, and did not result in slower responses at the uncued location. The findings suggest that gaze direction can trigger reflexive covert attention, a form of exogenous orienting. This is supported by evidence that such orienting occurs quickly, is not dependent on predictive cues, and does not involve costs at the uncued location. The study also highlights the role of the parietal cortex and the superior temporal sulcus in processing gaze information and triggering attentional shifts. The study's results have implications for theories of social attention and visual orienting. They suggest that the human brain is specialized for processing gaze direction and that this can trigger reflexive attentional shifts. The findings also indicate that gaze direction can have a powerful effect on attentional orienting, even when the gaze is not predictive of an important environmental event. The study demonstrates that a nonpredictive shift in gaze can trigger reflexive orienting, which is a fundamental aspect of visual attention.
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