2007;12(4):343-5 | Denise Brandão de Oliveira e Britto
The article reviews and comments on two papers that debate whether language is exclusively human or shared with other animals. The first paper, by Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch, discusses the importance of distinguishing language as a communication system and its underlying computational processes, particularly recursion. It presents three theories on language evolution: the sharing-uniqueness theory, the gradual-leap theory, and the continuity-adaptation theory. The authors argue that humans and animals share computational and perceptual sources, but the challenge is to determine what is inherited from a common ancestor and what is unique to language. They propose that language involves two senses: broad language sense (FLB) and narrow language sense (FLN). FLB includes the internal computational system (FLN) and sensory-motor and intentional-logical systems. FLN is an abstract linguistic system that enables infinite expressions from finite elements and is characterized by recursion. The authors suggest that recursion is a uniquely human ability and present three hypotheses for language evolution: FLB is homologous to animal communication, FLB is an adapted adaptation for language, and only FLN is uniquely human.
The second paper, by Pinker and Jackendoff, critiques these ideas. They argue that the hypothesis is problematic, as other aspects of language, such as phonology, morphology, and syntax, are not exclusively human. They contest the anatomical and neural basis of human vocal tract and the minimalism program's influence on the recursion hypothesis. They emphasize the importance of learning and innate aspects of language, the distinction between FLB and FLN, and the role of genes like FOXP2 in language development. They conclude that language is a perfect mapping between sound and meaning, evolved gradually under natural selection, and not specifically adapted for language.
Both articles contribute to a scientific debate on the faculty of language, highlighting both agreements and disagreements on its nature and uniqueness.The article reviews and comments on two papers that debate whether language is exclusively human or shared with other animals. The first paper, by Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch, discusses the importance of distinguishing language as a communication system and its underlying computational processes, particularly recursion. It presents three theories on language evolution: the sharing-uniqueness theory, the gradual-leap theory, and the continuity-adaptation theory. The authors argue that humans and animals share computational and perceptual sources, but the challenge is to determine what is inherited from a common ancestor and what is unique to language. They propose that language involves two senses: broad language sense (FLB) and narrow language sense (FLN). FLB includes the internal computational system (FLN) and sensory-motor and intentional-logical systems. FLN is an abstract linguistic system that enables infinite expressions from finite elements and is characterized by recursion. The authors suggest that recursion is a uniquely human ability and present three hypotheses for language evolution: FLB is homologous to animal communication, FLB is an adapted adaptation for language, and only FLN is uniquely human.
The second paper, by Pinker and Jackendoff, critiques these ideas. They argue that the hypothesis is problematic, as other aspects of language, such as phonology, morphology, and syntax, are not exclusively human. They contest the anatomical and neural basis of human vocal tract and the minimalism program's influence on the recursion hypothesis. They emphasize the importance of learning and innate aspects of language, the distinction between FLB and FLN, and the role of genes like FOXP2 in language development. They conclude that language is a perfect mapping between sound and meaning, evolved gradually under natural selection, and not specifically adapted for language.
Both articles contribute to a scientific debate on the faculty of language, highlighting both agreements and disagreements on its nature and uniqueness.