May 9, 1934 | G. I. Taylor, F.R.S., Royal Society Yarrow Professor
The paper by G. I. Taylor explores the mechanics of forming emulsions of two fluids that do not mix, focusing on the stirring processes used to create them. Taylor discusses the work of Rayleigh and others on the breakup of jets of one fluid projected into another, but notes that most studies focus on surface tension or dynamical forces rather than the disruptive effect of viscous drag. He introduces two mathematical models of flow fields: one represented by rectangular hyperbolas and another by shearing motion. Taylor constructs two experimental setups—*"Four Roller"* and *"*Parallel Band"*—to simulate these flow fields and observe the deformation and bursting of drops of one fluid in another.
In the *"*Four Roller"** setup, four brass cylinders are mounted at the corners of a square, driven by vertical shafts to create a shearing flow. In the *"*Parallel Band"** setup, two endless celluloid bands are stretched between rollers, creating a shearing motion at 45° to the bands. Taylor measures the velocity in these fields and compares them to theoretical predictions, finding good agreement at low speeds.
Taylor then describes experiments with drops of various viscosities placed in golden syrup. For low viscosity ratios ($\mu'/\mu$) and slow speeds, the drop remains spherical. At higher speeds, the drop elongates but does not burst. For $\mu'/\mu = 0.9$, the drop bursts at a specific speed, while for $\mu' = \mu$, it bursts at a different speed. For $\mu'/\mu = 20$, the drop does not burst in the *"*Four Roller"** setup but assumes a constant shape in the *"*Parallel Band"** setup.
Taylor concludes that the deformation of a drop depends on the instantaneous conditions of the flow, and the shape of a slightly deformed drop is consistent with a theoretical prediction. The behavior of the drop varies significantly with the viscosity ratio $\mu'/\mu$. For very viscous drops, the viscous drag is insufficient to burst the drop, even at high speeds. The paper also discusses the method for measuring viscosity and surface tension, providing detailed experimental results and conclusions.The paper by G. I. Taylor explores the mechanics of forming emulsions of two fluids that do not mix, focusing on the stirring processes used to create them. Taylor discusses the work of Rayleigh and others on the breakup of jets of one fluid projected into another, but notes that most studies focus on surface tension or dynamical forces rather than the disruptive effect of viscous drag. He introduces two mathematical models of flow fields: one represented by rectangular hyperbolas and another by shearing motion. Taylor constructs two experimental setups—*"Four Roller"* and *"*Parallel Band"*—to simulate these flow fields and observe the deformation and bursting of drops of one fluid in another.
In the *"*Four Roller"** setup, four brass cylinders are mounted at the corners of a square, driven by vertical shafts to create a shearing flow. In the *"*Parallel Band"** setup, two endless celluloid bands are stretched between rollers, creating a shearing motion at 45° to the bands. Taylor measures the velocity in these fields and compares them to theoretical predictions, finding good agreement at low speeds.
Taylor then describes experiments with drops of various viscosities placed in golden syrup. For low viscosity ratios ($\mu'/\mu$) and slow speeds, the drop remains spherical. At higher speeds, the drop elongates but does not burst. For $\mu'/\mu = 0.9$, the drop bursts at a specific speed, while for $\mu' = \mu$, it bursts at a different speed. For $\mu'/\mu = 20$, the drop does not burst in the *"*Four Roller"** setup but assumes a constant shape in the *"*Parallel Band"** setup.
Taylor concludes that the deformation of a drop depends on the instantaneous conditions of the flow, and the shape of a slightly deformed drop is consistent with a theoretical prediction. The behavior of the drop varies significantly with the viscosity ratio $\mu'/\mu$. For very viscous drops, the viscous drag is insufficient to burst the drop, even at high speeds. The paper also discusses the method for measuring viscosity and surface tension, providing detailed experimental results and conclusions.