The article reviews the advancements in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and adoptive cellular therapy (ACT). Monoclonal antibodies that block or activate regulatory receptors have shown significant efficacy in treating advanced-stage cancers, particularly through immune-checkpoint blockade. Key mAbs include those targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1, which have been approved for treating melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors has demonstrated promising results in phase III trials. Co-stimulatory molecules like 4-1BB, GITR, CD40, and OX40 are also being explored for their potential to enhance T-cell activity. Adoptive T-cell therapy, such as CAR T-cell therapy, has shown remarkable success in treating B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and other hematological malignancies. CD19-targeted CAR T cells have achieved high response rates in relapsed or refractory B-ALL, with minimal toxicity. However, the efficacy and safety of CAR T-cell therapy vary across different trials, influenced by factors such as conditioning regimens and patient populations. The article also discusses the emergence of new adverse effects associated with CAR T-cell therapy, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and highlights the need for further research to optimize these therapies.The article reviews the advancements in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and adoptive cellular therapy (ACT). Monoclonal antibodies that block or activate regulatory receptors have shown significant efficacy in treating advanced-stage cancers, particularly through immune-checkpoint blockade. Key mAbs include those targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1, which have been approved for treating melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors has demonstrated promising results in phase III trials. Co-stimulatory molecules like 4-1BB, GITR, CD40, and OX40 are also being explored for their potential to enhance T-cell activity. Adoptive T-cell therapy, such as CAR T-cell therapy, has shown remarkable success in treating B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and other hematological malignancies. CD19-targeted CAR T cells have achieved high response rates in relapsed or refractory B-ALL, with minimal toxicity. However, the efficacy and safety of CAR T-cell therapy vary across different trials, influenced by factors such as conditioning regimens and patient populations. The article also discusses the emergence of new adverse effects associated with CAR T-cell therapy, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and highlights the need for further research to optimize these therapies.