The global burden of cancer is projected to more than double over the next 20–40 years, driven by population growth, aging, and the entrenchment of modifiable risk factors such as smoking and obesity. By 2030, it is estimated that there will be ~26 million new cancer cases and 17 million cancer deaths annually. The paper identifies several preventive measures to mitigate this increase, particularly in low- and medium-resource countries. These include strengthening international tobacco control efforts and increasing the availability of vaccines against hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV). Tobacco control measures such as price increases and smoke-free laws are effective in reducing tobacco use, while universal childhood vaccination against HBV and HPV can significantly reduce the burden of these cancers. The paper also discusses the importance of addressing diet, obesity, and physical inactivity, as well as chronic infections like HBV and HCV, which contribute to a significant portion of cancer cases. Effective prevention strategies, such as cervical cancer screening and liver cancer vaccination, are crucial for reducing the global cancer burden.The global burden of cancer is projected to more than double over the next 20–40 years, driven by population growth, aging, and the entrenchment of modifiable risk factors such as smoking and obesity. By 2030, it is estimated that there will be ~26 million new cancer cases and 17 million cancer deaths annually. The paper identifies several preventive measures to mitigate this increase, particularly in low- and medium-resource countries. These include strengthening international tobacco control efforts and increasing the availability of vaccines against hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV). Tobacco control measures such as price increases and smoke-free laws are effective in reducing tobacco use, while universal childhood vaccination against HBV and HPV can significantly reduce the burden of these cancers. The paper also discusses the importance of addressing diet, obesity, and physical inactivity, as well as chronic infections like HBV and HCV, which contribute to a significant portion of cancer cases. Effective prevention strategies, such as cervical cancer screening and liver cancer vaccination, are crucial for reducing the global cancer burden.