The chapter introduces the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its governance, emphasizing the role of machine learning and the potential of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). It highlights the economic and social impacts of AI, including the need for proper governance to manage challenges such as data control, communication, and work automation. The chapter also discusses the development and adoption of AI, focusing on its impact on labor markets and the potential for job polarization and augmentation. It explores the implications of AI for workers, including skill requirements, mobility, and working conditions, and the role of algorithmic hiring and management. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding and managing these challenges to ensure that AI benefits society in a sustainable and just manner.The chapter introduces the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its governance, emphasizing the role of machine learning and the potential of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). It highlights the economic and social impacts of AI, including the need for proper governance to manage challenges such as data control, communication, and work automation. The chapter also discusses the development and adoption of AI, focusing on its impact on labor markets and the potential for job polarization and augmentation. It explores the implications of AI for workers, including skill requirements, mobility, and working conditions, and the role of algorithmic hiring and management. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding and managing these challenges to ensure that AI benefits society in a sustainable and just manner.