This systematic literature review examines the impact of conflict on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases, focusing on pathways and preparedness strategies. The review, conducted from January 2000 to October 2023, identified 51 studies covering various diseases such as AIDS, Hepatitis B, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Coronavirus 2, Ebola, Poliomyelitis, Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Measles, Diphtheria, Dengue, and Acute Bacterial Meningitis in conflict-affected regions. Key factors contributing to disease emergence and transmission include population displacement, destruction of infrastructure, reduced healthcare systems, disrupted disease control programs, and limited access to healthcare services. To mitigate these risks, the review highlights both disease-specific intervention strategies and broader concepts such as education, healthcare access, immunization campaigns, and intersectoral collaborations. The findings emphasize the direct and indirect roles of conflict in the transmission and propagation of infectious diseases, providing valuable insights for decision-makers to develop effective preparedness and response strategies in conflict zones and among displaced populations.This systematic literature review examines the impact of conflict on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases, focusing on pathways and preparedness strategies. The review, conducted from January 2000 to October 2023, identified 51 studies covering various diseases such as AIDS, Hepatitis B, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Coronavirus 2, Ebola, Poliomyelitis, Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Measles, Diphtheria, Dengue, and Acute Bacterial Meningitis in conflict-affected regions. Key factors contributing to disease emergence and transmission include population displacement, destruction of infrastructure, reduced healthcare systems, disrupted disease control programs, and limited access to healthcare services. To mitigate these risks, the review highlights both disease-specific intervention strategies and broader concepts such as education, healthcare access, immunization campaigns, and intersectoral collaborations. The findings emphasize the direct and indirect roles of conflict in the transmission and propagation of infectious diseases, providing valuable insights for decision-makers to develop effective preparedness and response strategies in conflict zones and among displaced populations.