Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue globally, expected to surpass many diseases as the leading cause of death and disability by 2020. It affects over 10 million people annually, with road traffic injuries (RTIs) accounting for 60% of cases. TBI is particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where risk factors are higher and health systems are less prepared. Incidence rates vary widely, with Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa showing higher rates. TBI-related outcomes are significant, with RTIs contributing to over 60% of such cases. Data on TBI is limited, especially in LMICs, highlighting the need for improved surveillance and research. In high-income countries, TBI is a major cause of hospitalization and death, with significant disparities in gender and age distribution. In the U.S., TBI-related deaths and hospitalizations are high, with RTIs being the leading cause. In Canada, TBI admissions have decreased, but severe cases have increased. In Europe, TBI is a leading cause of hospitalization, with significant mortality rates. In LMICs, TBI is a growing burden, with high rates of RTIs, falls, and violence. In Latin America, TBI is a significant health problem, with high incidence rates in countries like Brazil. In Asia, TBI is a major cause of death and disability, with India having a high incidence rate. In Africa, TBI is a leading cause of death and disability, with significant disparities in access to care and treatment. India, a key example, faces a high burden of TBI due to rapid urbanization, motorization, and alcohol use. TBI is a major cause of death and disability, with significant underreporting and lack of access to rehabilitation services. Efforts to prevent TBI are limited, highlighting the need for comprehensive prevention and rehabilitation programs. The global burden of TBI is significant, with a need for improved data collection, research, and prevention strategies. TBI is a pressing public health issue, requiring coordinated efforts to address its impact on individuals and societies. Effective prevention, management, and rehabilitation programs are essential to reduce the burden of TBI, especially in LMICs.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue globally, expected to surpass many diseases as the leading cause of death and disability by 2020. It affects over 10 million people annually, with road traffic injuries (RTIs) accounting for 60% of cases. TBI is particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where risk factors are higher and health systems are less prepared. Incidence rates vary widely, with Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa showing higher rates. TBI-related outcomes are significant, with RTIs contributing to over 60% of such cases. Data on TBI is limited, especially in LMICs, highlighting the need for improved surveillance and research. In high-income countries, TBI is a major cause of hospitalization and death, with significant disparities in gender and age distribution. In the U.S., TBI-related deaths and hospitalizations are high, with RTIs being the leading cause. In Canada, TBI admissions have decreased, but severe cases have increased. In Europe, TBI is a leading cause of hospitalization, with significant mortality rates. In LMICs, TBI is a growing burden, with high rates of RTIs, falls, and violence. In Latin America, TBI is a significant health problem, with high incidence rates in countries like Brazil. In Asia, TBI is a major cause of death and disability, with India having a high incidence rate. In Africa, TBI is a leading cause of death and disability, with significant disparities in access to care and treatment. India, a key example, faces a high burden of TBI due to rapid urbanization, motorization, and alcohol use. TBI is a major cause of death and disability, with significant underreporting and lack of access to rehabilitation services. Efforts to prevent TBI are limited, highlighting the need for comprehensive prevention and rehabilitation programs. The global burden of TBI is significant, with a need for improved data collection, research, and prevention strategies. TBI is a pressing public health issue, requiring coordinated efforts to address its impact on individuals and societies. Effective prevention, management, and rehabilitation programs are essential to reduce the burden of TBI, especially in LMICs.