Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue globally, expected to surpass many diseases as the leading cause of death and disability by 2020. An estimated 10 million people are affected annually, with the highest incidence rates in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa due to road traffic injuries (RTIs). The burden of TBI is particularly prominent in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), which face higher risk factors and inadequate health systems. Data on TBI incidence, risk factors, sequelae, financial costs, and social impact are limited, especially in LMICs. The paper highlights the need for comprehensive TBI prevention programs and well-established surveillance systems in LMICs, along with increased resources for research and prioritized interventions to promote evidence-based policies. The introduction discusses the challenges in quantifying TBI, including the silent nature of the condition and underreporting. The global burden of TBI is described, with RTIs being the leading cause, followed by falls, violence, and workplace/sports-related injuries. The paper also examines the burden of TBI in high-income countries, such as the United States, Canada, and Europe, and in low and middle-income countries, focusing on Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. It highlights regional differences in incidence rates, causes, and outcomes, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for research and control measures, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between organizations and institutions involved in neurotrauma care, research, and prevention.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue globally, expected to surpass many diseases as the leading cause of death and disability by 2020. An estimated 10 million people are affected annually, with the highest incidence rates in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa due to road traffic injuries (RTIs). The burden of TBI is particularly prominent in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), which face higher risk factors and inadequate health systems. Data on TBI incidence, risk factors, sequelae, financial costs, and social impact are limited, especially in LMICs. The paper highlights the need for comprehensive TBI prevention programs and well-established surveillance systems in LMICs, along with increased resources for research and prioritized interventions to promote evidence-based policies. The introduction discusses the challenges in quantifying TBI, including the silent nature of the condition and underreporting. The global burden of TBI is described, with RTIs being the leading cause, followed by falls, violence, and workplace/sports-related injuries. The paper also examines the burden of TBI in high-income countries, such as the United States, Canada, and Europe, and in low and middle-income countries, focusing on Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. It highlights regional differences in incidence rates, causes, and outcomes, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for research and control measures, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between organizations and institutions involved in neurotrauma care, research, and prevention.