This study examines the impacts of decarbonization pathways on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the European Union (EU) using an integrated assessment modeling framework. The framework comprises nine climate policy models and quantifies the effects of different decarbonization scenarios at regional and national levels. The analysis shows that scenario-consistent assumptions of future socio-economic trends and current climate policies would improve energy and carbon-related aspects of sustainability and reduce inequalities. Ambitious net-zero emissions pathways would further enhance health and agricultural productivity. Countries currently lagging in achieving SDGs would benefit the most from ambitious climate action. However, negative socio-economic impacts on poverty, hunger, and economic growth will require specific corrective policies. The study highlights the need to align climate and sustainability efforts to optimize resources and achieve both agendas, leveraging synergies and mitigating potential trade-offs. The analysis also reveals that while Paris Agreement mechanisms are bearing fruit, the implications of mitigation efforts extend beyond the 2030 SDG deadline, emphasizing the importance of long-term projections and policy formulation that consider the co-benefits and trade-offs of greenhouse gas mitigation and sustainable development.This study examines the impacts of decarbonization pathways on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the European Union (EU) using an integrated assessment modeling framework. The framework comprises nine climate policy models and quantifies the effects of different decarbonization scenarios at regional and national levels. The analysis shows that scenario-consistent assumptions of future socio-economic trends and current climate policies would improve energy and carbon-related aspects of sustainability and reduce inequalities. Ambitious net-zero emissions pathways would further enhance health and agricultural productivity. Countries currently lagging in achieving SDGs would benefit the most from ambitious climate action. However, negative socio-economic impacts on poverty, hunger, and economic growth will require specific corrective policies. The study highlights the need to align climate and sustainability efforts to optimize resources and achieve both agendas, leveraging synergies and mitigating potential trade-offs. The analysis also reveals that while Paris Agreement mechanisms are bearing fruit, the implications of mitigation efforts extend beyond the 2030 SDG deadline, emphasizing the importance of long-term projections and policy formulation that consider the co-benefits and trade-offs of greenhouse gas mitigation and sustainable development.