The inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that activates caspase-1, promoting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and inducing pyroptosis, a form of cell death. Members of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, including NLRP1, NLRP3, and NLRC4, and the adaptor protein ASC are critical components of the inflammasome, linking microbial and endogenous danger signals to caspase-1 activation. Several diseases are associated with dysregulated caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion, highlighting the importance of understanding inflammasome pathways for therapeutic intervention. The NLRC4 inflammasome is activated by Gram-negative bacteria through the delivery of flagellin into the host cytosol, while the NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes are activated by various microbial and endogenous stimuli, including ATP, silica, and urate crystals. Dysregulation of inflammasome activation is linked to inflammatory diseases such as gout, pseudogout, asbestosis, silicosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the mechanisms governing inflammasome-associated signaling pathways is crucial for developing effective therapeutics.The inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that activates caspase-1, promoting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and inducing pyroptosis, a form of cell death. Members of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, including NLRP1, NLRP3, and NLRC4, and the adaptor protein ASC are critical components of the inflammasome, linking microbial and endogenous danger signals to caspase-1 activation. Several diseases are associated with dysregulated caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion, highlighting the importance of understanding inflammasome pathways for therapeutic intervention. The NLRC4 inflammasome is activated by Gram-negative bacteria through the delivery of flagellin into the host cytosol, while the NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes are activated by various microbial and endogenous stimuli, including ATP, silica, and urate crystals. Dysregulation of inflammasome activation is linked to inflammatory diseases such as gout, pseudogout, asbestosis, silicosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the mechanisms governing inflammasome-associated signaling pathways is crucial for developing effective therapeutics.