The article provides a comprehensive survey of the Internet of Things (IoT), highlighting its definitions, architecture, fundamental technologies, and applications. IoT is described as a future-oriented network of billions of intelligent, communicating devices that will extend the boundaries of the world with physical and virtual components. The authors introduce various definitions of IoT, discuss emerging techniques for its implementation, explore open issues related to IoT applications, and investigate major challenges and potential solutions. The paper is organized into sections covering the concept of IoT, current research, system architecture, enabling technologies, applications, and future research directions. Key technologies such as wireless sensor networks, RFID, NFC, and cloud computing are discussed, along with their integration and evolution. The article emphasizes the importance of standardization and interoperability for the successful deployment of IoT, and it outlines the phases of IoT's development, from initial RFID-based applications to the current advancements in intelligent sensing and wireless communication.The article provides a comprehensive survey of the Internet of Things (IoT), highlighting its definitions, architecture, fundamental technologies, and applications. IoT is described as a future-oriented network of billions of intelligent, communicating devices that will extend the boundaries of the world with physical and virtual components. The authors introduce various definitions of IoT, discuss emerging techniques for its implementation, explore open issues related to IoT applications, and investigate major challenges and potential solutions. The paper is organized into sections covering the concept of IoT, current research, system architecture, enabling technologies, applications, and future research directions. Key technologies such as wireless sensor networks, RFID, NFC, and cloud computing are discussed, along with their integration and evolution. The article emphasizes the importance of standardization and interoperability for the successful deployment of IoT, and it outlines the phases of IoT's development, from initial RFID-based applications to the current advancements in intelligent sensing and wireless communication.