This study examines the interrelationship between tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Brazil from 1990 to 2019. Using time series data and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the research analyzes the dynamic effects of these variables on CO₂ emissions. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in economic growth, energy consumption, and tourist arrivals leads to a respective increase in CO₂ emissions of 1.37%, 1.06%, and 0.57% in the near term, and 0.72%, 0.62%, and 0.16% in the long term. The study suggests policy recommendations to achieve carbon neutrality in Brazil by promoting renewable energy sources and sustainable tourism, which can enhance the country's economy while mitigating environmental degradation. The research highlights the importance of balancing economic development with environmental sustainability and provides valuable insights for policymakers in Brazil and other developing nations.This study examines the interrelationship between tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Brazil from 1990 to 2019. Using time series data and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the research analyzes the dynamic effects of these variables on CO₂ emissions. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in economic growth, energy consumption, and tourist arrivals leads to a respective increase in CO₂ emissions of 1.37%, 1.06%, and 0.57% in the near term, and 0.72%, 0.62%, and 0.16% in the long term. The study suggests policy recommendations to achieve carbon neutrality in Brazil by promoting renewable energy sources and sustainable tourism, which can enhance the country's economy while mitigating environmental degradation. The research highlights the importance of balancing economic development with environmental sustainability and provides valuable insights for policymakers in Brazil and other developing nations.