This study examines the interrelationship among carbon emissions, tourism, economy, and energy use in Brazil, analyzing time series data from 1990 to 2019. The research employs an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to assess both short- and long-term dynamics. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in economic growth, energy consumption, and tourist arrivals leads to a respective rise in CO₂ emissions of 1.37%, 1.06%, and 0.57% in the short term, and 0.72%, 0.62%, and 0.16% in the long term. The study highlights the need for policies promoting renewable energy and sustainable tourism to achieve carbon neutrality in Brazil. The research underscores the significant role of tourism in economic growth but also its environmental impact through increased carbon emissions. It emphasizes the importance of balancing economic development with environmental sustainability, suggesting that sustainable tourism can contribute to both economic growth and environmental protection. The study also notes the potential of renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions and supports the adoption of sustainable practices in the tourism sector. The findings contribute to the understanding of the complex interactions between tourism, economic growth, energy use, and carbon emissions, providing insights for policymakers aiming to achieve carbon neutrality and sustainable development in Brazil.This study examines the interrelationship among carbon emissions, tourism, economy, and energy use in Brazil, analyzing time series data from 1990 to 2019. The research employs an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to assess both short- and long-term dynamics. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in economic growth, energy consumption, and tourist arrivals leads to a respective rise in CO₂ emissions of 1.37%, 1.06%, and 0.57% in the short term, and 0.72%, 0.62%, and 0.16% in the long term. The study highlights the need for policies promoting renewable energy and sustainable tourism to achieve carbon neutrality in Brazil. The research underscores the significant role of tourism in economic growth but also its environmental impact through increased carbon emissions. It emphasizes the importance of balancing economic development with environmental sustainability, suggesting that sustainable tourism can contribute to both economic growth and environmental protection. The study also notes the potential of renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions and supports the adoption of sustainable practices in the tourism sector. The findings contribute to the understanding of the complex interactions between tourism, economic growth, energy use, and carbon emissions, providing insights for policymakers aiming to achieve carbon neutrality and sustainable development in Brazil.