The inverse Mpemba effect demonstrated on a single trapped ion qubit

The inverse Mpemba effect demonstrated on a single trapped ion qubit

12 May 2024 | Shahaf Aharoni Shapira, Yotam Shapira, Jovan Markov, Gianluca Teza, Nitzan Akerman, Oren Raz, and Roe Ozeri
A quantum analog of the Mpemba effect has been experimentally demonstrated on a single trapped ion qubit. The Mpemba effect is a counter-intuitive phenomenon where a hotter system cools faster than a colder one under identical conditions. Here, the inverse effect is observed: a cold qubit reaches a hotter temperature faster than a hot qubit. This inverse Mpemba effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon, arising from interference effects and is most pronounced in sufficiently coherent systems. The study focuses on a single $^{88}\text{Sr}^+$ trapped ion qubit, which is coupled to a thermal Markovian bath. The qubit's dynamics are governed by the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) equation, describing the relaxation and decoherence processes. The system's behavior is analyzed using the Bloch vector representation, revealing a steady-state locus in the y-z plane of the Bloch sphere. The inverse Mpemba effect is demonstrated by tracking the relaxation of qubits initialized at different temperatures, showing that the cold system reaches the steady state faster than the hot one. The effect is further validated by analyzing the distance from the final steady state, showing that the cold system initially starts further away but reaches the steady state more quickly. The results highlight the importance of coherence in quantum systems and demonstrate the potential of quantum information processing devices. The study also addresses the technical challenges of measuring the inverse Mpemba effect, including the long relaxation times for cold systems, and proposes solutions such as using large Trotter steps or preparing the qubit in the initial steady state. The findings provide insights into the fundamental nature of relaxation processes in quantum systems and their potential applications in quantum computing.A quantum analog of the Mpemba effect has been experimentally demonstrated on a single trapped ion qubit. The Mpemba effect is a counter-intuitive phenomenon where a hotter system cools faster than a colder one under identical conditions. Here, the inverse effect is observed: a cold qubit reaches a hotter temperature faster than a hot qubit. This inverse Mpemba effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon, arising from interference effects and is most pronounced in sufficiently coherent systems. The study focuses on a single $^{88}\text{Sr}^+$ trapped ion qubit, which is coupled to a thermal Markovian bath. The qubit's dynamics are governed by the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) equation, describing the relaxation and decoherence processes. The system's behavior is analyzed using the Bloch vector representation, revealing a steady-state locus in the y-z plane of the Bloch sphere. The inverse Mpemba effect is demonstrated by tracking the relaxation of qubits initialized at different temperatures, showing that the cold system reaches the steady state faster than the hot one. The effect is further validated by analyzing the distance from the final steady state, showing that the cold system initially starts further away but reaches the steady state more quickly. The results highlight the importance of coherence in quantum systems and demonstrate the potential of quantum information processing devices. The study also addresses the technical challenges of measuring the inverse Mpemba effect, including the long relaxation times for cold systems, and proposes solutions such as using large Trotter steps or preparing the qubit in the initial steady state. The findings provide insights into the fundamental nature of relaxation processes in quantum systems and their potential applications in quantum computing.
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