Long COVID-19, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is a complex condition characterized by persistent symptoms lasting at least three months after acute infection. It affects multiple organ systems, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems. Long COVID-19 is associated with a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and persistent respiratory issues. The mechanisms underlying long COVID-19 are not fully understood, but factors such as age, sex, pre-existing conditions, hospitalization, vaccination, and lifestyle play a significant role. Long COVID-19 is more common in individuals with severe acute infections, those with comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes, and those who have been reinfected. The condition is also more prevalent in women, who are more likely to develop long-term neurological and autoimmune symptoms. Long COVID-19 can significantly impact quality of life, leading to reduced work capacity, prolonged recovery, and mental health issues. Treatment approaches include rehabilitation, lifestyle modifications, and targeted therapies. Research is ongoing to better understand the mechanisms of long COVID-19 and develop effective treatments.Long COVID-19, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is a complex condition characterized by persistent symptoms lasting at least three months after acute infection. It affects multiple organ systems, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems. Long COVID-19 is associated with a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and persistent respiratory issues. The mechanisms underlying long COVID-19 are not fully understood, but factors such as age, sex, pre-existing conditions, hospitalization, vaccination, and lifestyle play a significant role. Long COVID-19 is more common in individuals with severe acute infections, those with comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes, and those who have been reinfected. The condition is also more prevalent in women, who are more likely to develop long-term neurological and autoimmune symptoms. Long COVID-19 can significantly impact quality of life, leading to reduced work capacity, prolonged recovery, and mental health issues. Treatment approaches include rehabilitation, lifestyle modifications, and targeted therapies. Research is ongoing to better understand the mechanisms of long COVID-19 and develop effective treatments.