The large-scale structure of the Universe has evolved over the past 14 billion years from a uniform, rapidly expanding primordial soup, with small quantum fluctuations amplified by gravity to form the cosmic web of dark matter and galaxies. This process is well-mimicked by computer simulations and confirmed by observations, including the cosmic microwave background (CMB), galaxy surveys, and gravitational lensing. The standard model of cosmology, ΛCDM, has been successful in explaining the observed structure and properties of the Universe, including the distribution of dark matter, the formation of galaxies, and the nature of dark energy. The ΛCDM model predicts a flat Universe with a dark matter density Ωdm ≈ 0.20, a baryon density Ωb ≈ 0.042, and a dark energy density ΩΛ ≈ 0.76. These values are supported by observations of the CMB, galaxy surveys, and large-scale structure. The model also predicts the existence of dark energy, a mysterious component driving the accelerated expansion of the Universe, and cold dark matter, a non-baryonic particle that dominates the mass of the Universe. Despite its success, the ΛCDM model faces challenges, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter, and potential discrepancies in small-scale structure. However, the model remains the most widely accepted framework for understanding the Universe. Future observations, such as those from the Planck satellite and new galaxy surveys, will continue to test and refine our understanding of the Universe's structure and evolution.The large-scale structure of the Universe has evolved over the past 14 billion years from a uniform, rapidly expanding primordial soup, with small quantum fluctuations amplified by gravity to form the cosmic web of dark matter and galaxies. This process is well-mimicked by computer simulations and confirmed by observations, including the cosmic microwave background (CMB), galaxy surveys, and gravitational lensing. The standard model of cosmology, ΛCDM, has been successful in explaining the observed structure and properties of the Universe, including the distribution of dark matter, the formation of galaxies, and the nature of dark energy. The ΛCDM model predicts a flat Universe with a dark matter density Ωdm ≈ 0.20, a baryon density Ωb ≈ 0.042, and a dark energy density ΩΛ ≈ 0.76. These values are supported by observations of the CMB, galaxy surveys, and large-scale structure. The model also predicts the existence of dark energy, a mysterious component driving the accelerated expansion of the Universe, and cold dark matter, a non-baryonic particle that dominates the mass of the Universe. Despite its success, the ΛCDM model faces challenges, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter, and potential discrepancies in small-scale structure. However, the model remains the most widely accepted framework for understanding the Universe. Future observations, such as those from the Planck satellite and new galaxy surveys, will continue to test and refine our understanding of the Universe's structure and evolution.