The chapter discusses the evolution and structure of the universe, focusing on the past 25 years of research that has led to a deeper understanding of cosmic structure. It highlights the role of weak ripples in the primordial soup, which have been amplified by gravitational forces over 14 billion years, forming dark matter concentrations that eventually coalesce into galaxies. The chapter emphasizes the advancements in galaxy surveys, such as the 2dFGRS and SDSS, which have provided detailed insights into the distribution of galaxies and the cosmic web. It also discusses the importance of observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which have validated theoretical ideas about the early universe and the mechanism of structure formation. The chapter reviews the "standard model of cosmology," which describes the growth of cosmic structure and the formation of galaxies, and its successful predictions. It explores the role of dark matter and dark energy, the challenges in understanding their nature, and the potential for future tests and observations to refine our understanding of the universe.The chapter discusses the evolution and structure of the universe, focusing on the past 25 years of research that has led to a deeper understanding of cosmic structure. It highlights the role of weak ripples in the primordial soup, which have been amplified by gravitational forces over 14 billion years, forming dark matter concentrations that eventually coalesce into galaxies. The chapter emphasizes the advancements in galaxy surveys, such as the 2dFGRS and SDSS, which have provided detailed insights into the distribution of galaxies and the cosmic web. It also discusses the importance of observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which have validated theoretical ideas about the early universe and the mechanism of structure formation. The chapter reviews the "standard model of cosmology," which describes the growth of cosmic structure and the formation of galaxies, and its successful predictions. It explores the role of dark matter and dark energy, the challenges in understanding their nature, and the potential for future tests and observations to refine our understanding of the universe.