The article discusses the potential of reprogramming-induced rejuvenation (RIR) as a therapeutic approach to combat aging-related diseases. RIR involves reducing the biological age of an organism by reprogramming its cells to a younger state, often through the expression of Yamanaka factors or chemical cocktails. The authors highlight the importance of preserving cell type identity during reprogramming and the challenge of quantifying biological age post-reprogramming. They review recent advances in RIR, comparing partial reprogramming, full reprogramming, and transdifferentiation approaches, and assess safety concerns. The article emphasizes the distinction between rejuvenation and dedifferentiation and discusses translational opportunities. Partial reprogramming has shown promise in enhancing physiological functions, ameliorating age-related changes, and extending lifespan in various models. However, the technology faces challenges such as the risk of teratoma formation and genomic instability. The authors suggest that targeted tissue-specific reprogramming and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms are crucial for advancing RIR as a therapeutic strategy.The article discusses the potential of reprogramming-induced rejuvenation (RIR) as a therapeutic approach to combat aging-related diseases. RIR involves reducing the biological age of an organism by reprogramming its cells to a younger state, often through the expression of Yamanaka factors or chemical cocktails. The authors highlight the importance of preserving cell type identity during reprogramming and the challenge of quantifying biological age post-reprogramming. They review recent advances in RIR, comparing partial reprogramming, full reprogramming, and transdifferentiation approaches, and assess safety concerns. The article emphasizes the distinction between rejuvenation and dedifferentiation and discusses translational opportunities. Partial reprogramming has shown promise in enhancing physiological functions, ameliorating age-related changes, and extending lifespan in various models. However, the technology faces challenges such as the risk of teratoma formation and genomic instability. The authors suggest that targeted tissue-specific reprogramming and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms are crucial for advancing RIR as a therapeutic strategy.