β-Catenin is a multifunctional, evolutionarily conserved protein that plays a crucial role in various developmental and homeostatic processes in metazoans. It is a structural component of cadherin-based adherens junctions and a key effector of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in the nucleus. Imbalances in its structural and signaling properties can lead to disease and cancer. This review summarizes the current understanding of β-catenin's regulation, its interactions with transcription factors, and its role in different signaling pathways. β-Catenin's dual roles in cell adhesion and signaling are highlighted, with its structure being critical for these functions. The protein's structure consists of 12 Armadillo repeats, with distinct N- and C-terminal domains. β-Catenin's interactions with various partners, such as E-cadherin, APC, and TCF/Lef, are essential for its function. The protein is also involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is crucial for development and tissue homeostasis. β-Catenin's evolutionarily conserved nature is evident across various species, including sponges, cnidarians, and mammals. The protein's role in cell adhesion and signaling is regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, which can influence its activity. β-Catenin is also involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process critical for development and cancer progression. The protein's regulation in the cytoplasm is controlled by the destruction complex, which targets it for degradation unless Wnt signaling is activated. β-Catenin's role in the nucleus is to regulate gene transcription through interactions with TCF/Lef factors. The review also discusses the implications of β-catenin's interactions with other signaling pathways and its potential role in diseases such as cancer. Overall, β-catenin is a central molecule in various biological processes, and its regulation is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and development.β-Catenin is a multifunctional, evolutionarily conserved protein that plays a crucial role in various developmental and homeostatic processes in metazoans. It is a structural component of cadherin-based adherens junctions and a key effector of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in the nucleus. Imbalances in its structural and signaling properties can lead to disease and cancer. This review summarizes the current understanding of β-catenin's regulation, its interactions with transcription factors, and its role in different signaling pathways. β-Catenin's dual roles in cell adhesion and signaling are highlighted, with its structure being critical for these functions. The protein's structure consists of 12 Armadillo repeats, with distinct N- and C-terminal domains. β-Catenin's interactions with various partners, such as E-cadherin, APC, and TCF/Lef, are essential for its function. The protein is also involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is crucial for development and tissue homeostasis. β-Catenin's evolutionarily conserved nature is evident across various species, including sponges, cnidarians, and mammals. The protein's role in cell adhesion and signaling is regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, which can influence its activity. β-Catenin is also involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process critical for development and cancer progression. The protein's regulation in the cytoplasm is controlled by the destruction complex, which targets it for degradation unless Wnt signaling is activated. β-Catenin's role in the nucleus is to regulate gene transcription through interactions with TCF/Lef factors. The review also discusses the implications of β-catenin's interactions with other signaling pathways and its potential role in diseases such as cancer. Overall, β-catenin is a central molecule in various biological processes, and its regulation is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and development.