Sleep deprivation is linked to increased risks of obesity and diabetes through three main pathways: altered glucose metabolism, increased appetite, and reduced energy expenditure. The study reviews current evidence supporting these mechanisms, highlighting that short sleep (less than 7 hours per night) is associated with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and weight gain. Laboratory studies show that sleep restriction reduces glucose clearance, insulin sensitivity, and increases insulin resistance, which may contribute to diabetes risk. Sleep loss also affects appetite-regulating hormones like leptin and ghrelin, leading to increased hunger and food intake. Epidemiological studies indicate that shorter sleep duration is associated with higher diabetes and obesity risks, particularly in men. However, the direction of causality remains unclear. Sleep loss may also impact energy expenditure, potentially leading to weight gain. The review emphasizes the need for further research, including intervention studies, to determine the role of sleep in metabolic disorders. Overall, chronic sleep deprivation may contribute to the global obesity and diabetes epidemic, underscoring the importance of addressing sleep health in public health strategies.Sleep deprivation is linked to increased risks of obesity and diabetes through three main pathways: altered glucose metabolism, increased appetite, and reduced energy expenditure. The study reviews current evidence supporting these mechanisms, highlighting that short sleep (less than 7 hours per night) is associated with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and weight gain. Laboratory studies show that sleep restriction reduces glucose clearance, insulin sensitivity, and increases insulin resistance, which may contribute to diabetes risk. Sleep loss also affects appetite-regulating hormones like leptin and ghrelin, leading to increased hunger and food intake. Epidemiological studies indicate that shorter sleep duration is associated with higher diabetes and obesity risks, particularly in men. However, the direction of causality remains unclear. Sleep loss may also impact energy expenditure, potentially leading to weight gain. The review emphasizes the need for further research, including intervention studies, to determine the role of sleep in metabolic disorders. Overall, chronic sleep deprivation may contribute to the global obesity and diabetes epidemic, underscoring the importance of addressing sleep health in public health strategies.