This review article explores the molecular mechanisms of aging and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Aging is a complex biological process influenced by environmental and genetic factors, leading to a decline in physical function and an increased risk of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The article discusses several major mechanisms of aging, including DNA damage and repair, free radical oxidation, telomere and telomerase dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and their impact on neurodegenerative diseases. It highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms to develop interventions for preventing aging and related diseases. The review also examines the role of energy metabolism, genetic factors, immunity, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), autophagy, and DNA methylation in aging and neurodegeneration. Additionally, it explores the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a therapeutic approach to combat aging and age-related diseases. The authors emphasize the need for further research to identify potential anti-aging drugs and improve the health of the elderly population.This review article explores the molecular mechanisms of aging and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Aging is a complex biological process influenced by environmental and genetic factors, leading to a decline in physical function and an increased risk of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The article discusses several major mechanisms of aging, including DNA damage and repair, free radical oxidation, telomere and telomerase dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and their impact on neurodegenerative diseases. It highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms to develop interventions for preventing aging and related diseases. The review also examines the role of energy metabolism, genetic factors, immunity, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), autophagy, and DNA methylation in aging and neurodegeneration. Additionally, it explores the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a therapeutic approach to combat aging and age-related diseases. The authors emphasize the need for further research to identify potential anti-aging drugs and improve the health of the elderly population.