Road traffic injuries are a significant public health issue in developing countries, causing a disproportionate number of deaths and disabilities. These injuries are ranked ninth globally among the leading causes of disability-adjusted life years lost, with projections indicating a rise to third by 2020. Developing countries account for over 85% of all deaths from road traffic crashes and 96% of child fatalities. The problem is exacerbated by rapid motorization and other factors, yet public policy responses have been inadequate. Vulnerable groups, particularly the working-age population (15-44 years) and children, are disproportionately affected. In developing countries, pedestrians, passengers, and cyclists bear the brunt of injuries and fatalities, often due to socioeconomic factors and limited access to affordable transport. The high burden of road traffic injuries in developing countries is attributed to several factors, including the rapid increase in motor vehicle numbers, higher fatality rates per crash, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, inadequate public health infrastructure, and limited access to healthcare services. Effective policies must be tailored to local conditions and focus on protecting vulnerable groups, such as pedestrians, bus passengers, and cyclists. International efforts should promote learning and sharing of successful policies to reduce the injury burden in developing countries.Road traffic injuries are a significant public health issue in developing countries, causing a disproportionate number of deaths and disabilities. These injuries are ranked ninth globally among the leading causes of disability-adjusted life years lost, with projections indicating a rise to third by 2020. Developing countries account for over 85% of all deaths from road traffic crashes and 96% of child fatalities. The problem is exacerbated by rapid motorization and other factors, yet public policy responses have been inadequate. Vulnerable groups, particularly the working-age population (15-44 years) and children, are disproportionately affected. In developing countries, pedestrians, passengers, and cyclists bear the brunt of injuries and fatalities, often due to socioeconomic factors and limited access to affordable transport. The high burden of road traffic injuries in developing countries is attributed to several factors, including the rapid increase in motor vehicle numbers, higher fatality rates per crash, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, inadequate public health infrastructure, and limited access to healthcare services. Effective policies must be tailored to local conditions and focus on protecting vulnerable groups, such as pedestrians, bus passengers, and cyclists. International efforts should promote learning and sharing of successful policies to reduce the injury burden in developing countries.