The article reviews the potential of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as an adjunct to conventional treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic inflammatory condition with increasing incidence and significant health burden. HBOT, which involves inhaling 100% oxygen at pressures above 1 atm, has been shown to reduce oxidative stress, inhibit mucosal inflammation, promote ulcer healing, influence gut microbes, and reduce IBD complications. The review highlights the therapeutic effects of HBOT on reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating inflammatory immune cells, protecting and repairing the intestinal epithelial barrier, enhancing blood supply to wounds, and affecting gut microbes. Clinical trials and experimental studies have demonstrated the efficacy of HBOT in treating various IBD complications, such as pyoderma gangrenosum, entero-cutaneous fistulas, and perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease. However, the mechanisms of HBOT's effects on immune cells and the intestinal epithelial barrier remain unclear, and further research is needed to establish refined treatment protocols and evaluate its long-term effects.The article reviews the potential of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as an adjunct to conventional treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic inflammatory condition with increasing incidence and significant health burden. HBOT, which involves inhaling 100% oxygen at pressures above 1 atm, has been shown to reduce oxidative stress, inhibit mucosal inflammation, promote ulcer healing, influence gut microbes, and reduce IBD complications. The review highlights the therapeutic effects of HBOT on reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating inflammatory immune cells, protecting and repairing the intestinal epithelial barrier, enhancing blood supply to wounds, and affecting gut microbes. Clinical trials and experimental studies have demonstrated the efficacy of HBOT in treating various IBD complications, such as pyoderma gangrenosum, entero-cutaneous fistulas, and perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease. However, the mechanisms of HBOT's effects on immune cells and the intestinal epithelial barrier remain unclear, and further research is needed to establish refined treatment protocols and evaluate its long-term effects.