This review explores the debate between thermal and non-thermal pathways in plasmonic photocatalysis. Plasmonic nanoparticles, when illuminated, generate high-energy "hot carriers" that can either transfer energy to molecules (non-thermal pathway) or cause nanoparticle heating (thermal pathway). The review discusses the mechanisms behind these pathways, including the role of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), the behavior of excited charge carriers, and the influence of factors like temperature, light intensity, and catalyst surface properties. It also examines the interplay between these pathways and their impact on catalytic reactions, highlighting the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms for optimizing plasmonic photocatalysis. The review covers various experimental and theoretical approaches used to study these phenomena, including the use of Arrhenius equations, kinetic isotope effects, and SERS spectroscopy. It also discusses the role of plasmonic nanostructures in enhancing light absorption and facilitating chemical reactions, as well as the challenges in distinguishing between thermal and non-thermal effects. The review concludes that both pathways play significant roles in plasmonic catalysis, and a deeper understanding of their interplay is essential for advancing the field.This review explores the debate between thermal and non-thermal pathways in plasmonic photocatalysis. Plasmonic nanoparticles, when illuminated, generate high-energy "hot carriers" that can either transfer energy to molecules (non-thermal pathway) or cause nanoparticle heating (thermal pathway). The review discusses the mechanisms behind these pathways, including the role of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), the behavior of excited charge carriers, and the influence of factors like temperature, light intensity, and catalyst surface properties. It also examines the interplay between these pathways and their impact on catalytic reactions, highlighting the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms for optimizing plasmonic photocatalysis. The review covers various experimental and theoretical approaches used to study these phenomena, including the use of Arrhenius equations, kinetic isotope effects, and SERS spectroscopy. It also discusses the role of plasmonic nanostructures in enhancing light absorption and facilitating chemical reactions, as well as the challenges in distinguishing between thermal and non-thermal effects. The review concludes that both pathways play significant roles in plasmonic catalysis, and a deeper understanding of their interplay is essential for advancing the field.