The article provides a comprehensive review of the physics of wind-blown sand and dust on Earth and other planets, focusing on aeolian processes such as saltation, dune formation, dust emission, and atmospheric dust-entrainment phenomena. The authors discuss the initiation and dynamics of saltation, the formation and characteristics of sand dunes and ripples, the emission of dust aerosols, and the meteorological conditions that trigger dust storms. They also explore the unique aeolian processes on Mars, Venus, and Titan, highlighting the differences in gravity and air density that affect particle behavior. The review emphasizes the importance of these processes in shaping planetary surfaces, influencing climate, and affecting ecosystems through dust aerosol deposition. The article concludes with a discussion of remaining questions in the field, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the complex interactions between wind, sand, and dust.The article provides a comprehensive review of the physics of wind-blown sand and dust on Earth and other planets, focusing on aeolian processes such as saltation, dune formation, dust emission, and atmospheric dust-entrainment phenomena. The authors discuss the initiation and dynamics of saltation, the formation and characteristics of sand dunes and ripples, the emission of dust aerosols, and the meteorological conditions that trigger dust storms. They also explore the unique aeolian processes on Mars, Venus, and Titan, highlighting the differences in gravity and air density that affect particle behavior. The review emphasizes the importance of these processes in shaping planetary surfaces, influencing climate, and affecting ecosystems through dust aerosol deposition. The article concludes with a discussion of remaining questions in the field, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the complex interactions between wind, sand, and dust.