This review discusses the potential influence of melatonin on mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and its implications for treating mitochondria-related diseases. Mitochondria play crucial roles in cellular energy metabolism, intracellular signaling, and programmed cell death, and their dysfunction is associated with various pathologies. MQC, which includes mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy, is essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and functional recovery after injury. Melatonin, an evolutionarily conserved tryptophan metabolite, can be synthesized, transported, and metabolized in mitochondria. The review highlights how melatonin regulates mitochondrial biogenesis by influencing metabolism and redox state, promotes mitochondrial fusion to maintain mitochondrial integrity, and modulates autophagy to remove damaged mitochondria. Melatonin's antioxidant properties and its ability to enhance or inhibit autophagy depending on the cellular conditions make it a promising therapeutic target for MQC-related injuries and diseases. However, more basic and clinical research is needed to fully understand and validate melatonin's therapeutic effects in MQC-related conditions.This review discusses the potential influence of melatonin on mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and its implications for treating mitochondria-related diseases. Mitochondria play crucial roles in cellular energy metabolism, intracellular signaling, and programmed cell death, and their dysfunction is associated with various pathologies. MQC, which includes mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy, is essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and functional recovery after injury. Melatonin, an evolutionarily conserved tryptophan metabolite, can be synthesized, transported, and metabolized in mitochondria. The review highlights how melatonin regulates mitochondrial biogenesis by influencing metabolism and redox state, promotes mitochondrial fusion to maintain mitochondrial integrity, and modulates autophagy to remove damaged mitochondria. Melatonin's antioxidant properties and its ability to enhance or inhibit autophagy depending on the cellular conditions make it a promising therapeutic target for MQC-related injuries and diseases. However, more basic and clinical research is needed to fully understand and validate melatonin's therapeutic effects in MQC-related conditions.