THE PRIMES CONTAIN ARBITRARILY LONG ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

THE PRIMES CONTAIN ARBITRARILY LONG ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

23 Sep 2007 | BEN GREEN AND TERENCE TAO
This paper proves that there are arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions of prime numbers. The main result is Theorem 1.1, which states that the prime numbers contain infinitely many arithmetic progressions of any given length. The proof relies on three key ingredients: Szemerédi's theorem, a transference principle, and a result by Goldston and Yıldırım. Szemerédi's theorem asserts that any subset of the integers with positive density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. The transference principle allows the application of Szemerédi's theorem to subsets of a pseudorandom set, which is a set that behaves like a random set in terms of its distribution. The result by Goldston and Yıldırım provides a pseudorandom measure concentrated on almost primes, which is used to show that the primes can be placed within this measure with positive relative density. The paper also introduces the concept of pseudorandom measures, which are measures that satisfy certain linear forms and correlation conditions. These conditions ensure that the measure behaves like a random measure, allowing the application of Szemerédi's theorem to subsets of the primes. The proof of Theorem 1.1 involves showing that the primes contain infinitely many arithmetic progressions of any length. This is achieved by using a generalized von Neumann theorem, which relates the number of arithmetic progressions to Gowers uniformity norms. The proof also involves the use of Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the linear forms condition to show that the number of arithmetic progressions is bounded below by a positive constant. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results, including the connection to the Hardy-Littlewood prime tuples conjecture and the use of pseudorandom measures in sieve theory. The results demonstrate that the primes contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions, which is a significant contribution to number theory and additive combinatorics.This paper proves that there are arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions of prime numbers. The main result is Theorem 1.1, which states that the prime numbers contain infinitely many arithmetic progressions of any given length. The proof relies on three key ingredients: Szemerédi's theorem, a transference principle, and a result by Goldston and Yıldırım. Szemerédi's theorem asserts that any subset of the integers with positive density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. The transference principle allows the application of Szemerédi's theorem to subsets of a pseudorandom set, which is a set that behaves like a random set in terms of its distribution. The result by Goldston and Yıldırım provides a pseudorandom measure concentrated on almost primes, which is used to show that the primes can be placed within this measure with positive relative density. The paper also introduces the concept of pseudorandom measures, which are measures that satisfy certain linear forms and correlation conditions. These conditions ensure that the measure behaves like a random measure, allowing the application of Szemerédi's theorem to subsets of the primes. The proof of Theorem 1.1 involves showing that the primes contain infinitely many arithmetic progressions of any length. This is achieved by using a generalized von Neumann theorem, which relates the number of arithmetic progressions to Gowers uniformity norms. The proof also involves the use of Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the linear forms condition to show that the number of arithmetic progressions is bounded below by a positive constant. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results, including the connection to the Hardy-Littlewood prime tuples conjecture and the use of pseudorandom measures in sieve theory. The results demonstrate that the primes contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions, which is a significant contribution to number theory and additive combinatorics.
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