The pseudogap in high temperature superconductors: an experimental survey

The pseudogap in high temperature superconductors: an experimental survey

14 May 1999 | Tom Timusk and Bryan Statt
The pseudogap in high-temperature superconductors: an experimental survey Tom Timusk and Bryan Statt Abstract This review presents an experimental survey of the pseudogap in cuprate superconductors. Evidence from various experimental techniques indicates a common phenomenology. The pseudogap is observed in all high-temperature superconductors and there is general agreement on the temperature and doping range where it exists. It is also becoming clear that the superconducting gap emerges from the normal state pseudogap. The d-wave nature of the order parameter holds for both the superconducting gap and the pseudogap. Although an extensive body of evidence is reviewed, a consensus on the origin of the pseudogap is as lacking as it is for the mechanism underlying high temperature superconductivity. The pseudogap is a partial gap that appears in the normal state of underdoped cuprate superconductors. It is characterized by a reduction in the density of states near the Fermi level. The pseudogap is seen in various experimental techniques such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), tunneling spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and transport measurements. The pseudogap is also observed in the normal state of high-temperature superconductors, and its presence is associated with the d-wave symmetry of the superconducting gap. The pseudogap is a fundamental property of underdoped copper oxides. The pseudogap is seen in various families of high-temperature superconductors, including YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO 123), Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (Bi 2212), and La2-xSrxCuO4 (LaSr 214). The pseudogap is observed in these materials through various experimental techniques, including ARPES, tunneling spectroscopy, and NMR. The pseudogap is also observed in the normal state of these materials, and its presence is associated with the d-wave symmetry of the superconducting gap. The pseudogap is a partial gap that appears in the normal state of underdoped cuprate superconductors. It is characterized by a reduction in the density of states near the Fermi level. The pseudogap is seen in various experimental techniques such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), tunneling spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and transport measurements. The pseudogap is also observed in the normal state of high-temperature superconductors, and its presence is associated with the d-wave symmetry of the superconducting gap.The pseudogap in high-temperature superconductors: an experimental survey Tom Timusk and Bryan Statt Abstract This review presents an experimental survey of the pseudogap in cuprate superconductors. Evidence from various experimental techniques indicates a common phenomenology. The pseudogap is observed in all high-temperature superconductors and there is general agreement on the temperature and doping range where it exists. It is also becoming clear that the superconducting gap emerges from the normal state pseudogap. The d-wave nature of the order parameter holds for both the superconducting gap and the pseudogap. Although an extensive body of evidence is reviewed, a consensus on the origin of the pseudogap is as lacking as it is for the mechanism underlying high temperature superconductivity. The pseudogap is a partial gap that appears in the normal state of underdoped cuprate superconductors. It is characterized by a reduction in the density of states near the Fermi level. The pseudogap is seen in various experimental techniques such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), tunneling spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and transport measurements. The pseudogap is also observed in the normal state of high-temperature superconductors, and its presence is associated with the d-wave symmetry of the superconducting gap. The pseudogap is a fundamental property of underdoped copper oxides. The pseudogap is seen in various families of high-temperature superconductors, including YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO 123), Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (Bi 2212), and La2-xSrxCuO4 (LaSr 214). The pseudogap is observed in these materials through various experimental techniques, including ARPES, tunneling spectroscopy, and NMR. The pseudogap is also observed in the normal state of these materials, and its presence is associated with the d-wave symmetry of the superconducting gap. The pseudogap is a partial gap that appears in the normal state of underdoped cuprate superconductors. It is characterized by a reduction in the density of states near the Fermi level. The pseudogap is seen in various experimental techniques such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), tunneling spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and transport measurements. The pseudogap is also observed in the normal state of high-temperature superconductors, and its presence is associated with the d-wave symmetry of the superconducting gap.
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