The paper by Terry E. Robinson and Kent C. Berridge critically evaluates current biopsychological views of addiction, focusing on the "incentive-sensitization theory of addiction." They argue that traditional negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and hedonic accounts of addiction are insufficient to explain compulsive drug-seeking and taking. The incentive-sensitization view posits that potentially addictive drugs produce long-lasting adaptations in neural systems involved in incentive motivation and reward, making these systems hypersensitive to drugs and drug-associated stimuli. These sensitized systems mediate a subcomponent of reward known as incentive salience, which is responsible for compulsive drug-seeking behavior. The paper discusses the role of mesolimbic dopamine systems, evidence of neural sensitization in humans, and the implications for developing addiction therapies. It also reviews evidence for psychomotor sensitization, individual differences in susceptibility, and the modulation of sensitization by environmental factors. The authors conclude that repeated exposure to drugs can induce neural sensitization, which may contribute to relapse even after drug discontinuation.The paper by Terry E. Robinson and Kent C. Berridge critically evaluates current biopsychological views of addiction, focusing on the "incentive-sensitization theory of addiction." They argue that traditional negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and hedonic accounts of addiction are insufficient to explain compulsive drug-seeking and taking. The incentive-sensitization view posits that potentially addictive drugs produce long-lasting adaptations in neural systems involved in incentive motivation and reward, making these systems hypersensitive to drugs and drug-associated stimuli. These sensitized systems mediate a subcomponent of reward known as incentive salience, which is responsible for compulsive drug-seeking behavior. The paper discusses the role of mesolimbic dopamine systems, evidence of neural sensitization in humans, and the implications for developing addiction therapies. It also reviews evidence for psychomotor sensitization, individual differences in susceptibility, and the modulation of sensitization by environmental factors. The authors conclude that repeated exposure to drugs can induce neural sensitization, which may contribute to relapse even after drug discontinuation.