The chapter discusses the significant role of the rhizosphere microbiome in plant health. The rhizosphere, a zone influenced by root secretions, is home to a vast array of microbial species, collectively referred to as the plant's second genome. Plants can shape their rhizosphere microbiome, recruiting specific microorganisms that enhance their resistance to pathogens and insects. Upon pathogen or insect attack, plants recruit protective microorganisms and enhance microbial activity to suppress pathogens. The rhizosphere microbiome's complexity and interactions with plants are crucial for understanding how plants manage their health and productivity. The chapter also highlights the importance of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants, where beneficial microbes boost plant defenses, and the role of plant exudates in recruiting beneficial microbes. Additionally, it explores how plant genotype influences the composition of the root microbiome, and how defense signaling affects the root microbiome. Overall, the chapter emphasizes the dynamic and multifaceted interactions between plants and their rhizosphere microbiome, providing new opportunities for improving crop production and resilience.The chapter discusses the significant role of the rhizosphere microbiome in plant health. The rhizosphere, a zone influenced by root secretions, is home to a vast array of microbial species, collectively referred to as the plant's second genome. Plants can shape their rhizosphere microbiome, recruiting specific microorganisms that enhance their resistance to pathogens and insects. Upon pathogen or insect attack, plants recruit protective microorganisms and enhance microbial activity to suppress pathogens. The rhizosphere microbiome's complexity and interactions with plants are crucial for understanding how plants manage their health and productivity. The chapter also highlights the importance of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants, where beneficial microbes boost plant defenses, and the role of plant exudates in recruiting beneficial microbes. Additionally, it explores how plant genotype influences the composition of the root microbiome, and how defense signaling affects the root microbiome. Overall, the chapter emphasizes the dynamic and multifaceted interactions between plants and their rhizosphere microbiome, providing new opportunities for improving crop production and resilience.