Electrically tunable metasurfaces offer compact, versatile functionalities for optical applications. However, their static nature limits adaptability. Reconfigurable metasurfaces, especially electrically tunable ones, address this by enabling dynamic optical property modulation. This review discusses recent advancements in electrically tunable devices, covering strategies like electrochemical, carrier modulating, electro-optical, and electrically mediated approaches. These methods include electrochromism, electrodeposition, Drude effect, excitonic resonance, Pockels and Kerr effects, liquid crystals, micro-Joule heaters, and MEMS/NEMS. Each approach has unique advantages and challenges, such as energy efficiency, speed, and compatibility with CMOS. Spatial light modulators (SLMs) based on metasurfaces enable precise control of light properties, including phase, amplitude, and polarization. They are used in applications like holography, beam steering, and LiDAR. Tunable optical waveguides, incorporating metasurfaces, allow dynamic control of light propagation, enabling functions like amplitude modulation and mode switching. These waveguides are crucial for photonic integrated circuits and high-speed data transmission. Adaptive emissivity regulators control thermal radiation in the MIR spectrum, important for applications like dynamic camouflage and temperature regulation. These devices manipulate emissivity through electrically tunable materials, such as LiNiMnCoO₂ electrolytes and silver electrodeposition. The emissivity is adjusted to optimize thermal performance, considering atmospheric windows where electromagnetic waves can pass with minimal absorption. The integration of electrically tunable metasurfaces with electronics bridges the gap between photonics and electronics, enabling advanced optical systems. These systems have potential in various fields, including optical communication, quantum information processing, medical imaging, and augmented reality. Future developments aim to enhance modulation speed, reduce optical losses, and improve scalability for next-generation photonic and optoelectronic systems.Electrically tunable metasurfaces offer compact, versatile functionalities for optical applications. However, their static nature limits adaptability. Reconfigurable metasurfaces, especially electrically tunable ones, address this by enabling dynamic optical property modulation. This review discusses recent advancements in electrically tunable devices, covering strategies like electrochemical, carrier modulating, electro-optical, and electrically mediated approaches. These methods include electrochromism, electrodeposition, Drude effect, excitonic resonance, Pockels and Kerr effects, liquid crystals, micro-Joule heaters, and MEMS/NEMS. Each approach has unique advantages and challenges, such as energy efficiency, speed, and compatibility with CMOS. Spatial light modulators (SLMs) based on metasurfaces enable precise control of light properties, including phase, amplitude, and polarization. They are used in applications like holography, beam steering, and LiDAR. Tunable optical waveguides, incorporating metasurfaces, allow dynamic control of light propagation, enabling functions like amplitude modulation and mode switching. These waveguides are crucial for photonic integrated circuits and high-speed data transmission. Adaptive emissivity regulators control thermal radiation in the MIR spectrum, important for applications like dynamic camouflage and temperature regulation. These devices manipulate emissivity through electrically tunable materials, such as LiNiMnCoO₂ electrolytes and silver electrodeposition. The emissivity is adjusted to optimize thermal performance, considering atmospheric windows where electromagnetic waves can pass with minimal absorption. The integration of electrically tunable metasurfaces with electronics bridges the gap between photonics and electronics, enabling advanced optical systems. These systems have potential in various fields, including optical communication, quantum information processing, medical imaging, and augmented reality. Future developments aim to enhance modulation speed, reduce optical losses, and improve scalability for next-generation photonic and optoelectronic systems.