The article reviews the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in enhancing plant resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, and heavy metal stress. AM fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, improving nutrient absorption, water uptake, and hormone regulation. The establishment of AM symbiosis involves the transfer of lipids, sugars, and fatty acids between the host plant and AM fungi, regulated by various genes and transcription factors. AM fungi enhance plant drought resistance by improving soil structure, nutrient and water absorption, and osmotic adjustment. They also improve mineral nutrient absorption by increasing the uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen. In salt stress, AM fungi help plants maintain osmotic balance and enhance salt tolerance through ion efflux and influx mechanisms. Additionally, AM fungi regulate plant hormone levels, particularly auxin and abscisic acid, to alleviate stress. Finally, AM fungi enhance plant resistance to heavy metals by increasing the accumulation of heavy metals in the roots and reducing their transfer to shoots. The review highlights the potential applications of AM fungi in agriculture to improve plant resistance to abiotic stresses.The article reviews the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in enhancing plant resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, and heavy metal stress. AM fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, improving nutrient absorption, water uptake, and hormone regulation. The establishment of AM symbiosis involves the transfer of lipids, sugars, and fatty acids between the host plant and AM fungi, regulated by various genes and transcription factors. AM fungi enhance plant drought resistance by improving soil structure, nutrient and water absorption, and osmotic adjustment. They also improve mineral nutrient absorption by increasing the uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen. In salt stress, AM fungi help plants maintain osmotic balance and enhance salt tolerance through ion efflux and influx mechanisms. Additionally, AM fungi regulate plant hormone levels, particularly auxin and abscisic acid, to alleviate stress. Finally, AM fungi enhance plant resistance to heavy metals by increasing the accumulation of heavy metals in the roots and reducing their transfer to shoots. The review highlights the potential applications of AM fungi in agriculture to improve plant resistance to abiotic stresses.