Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study finds that AI can support 128 targets across all SDGs, but may also hinder 58 targets. AI can improve efficiency and productivity, but may increase inequalities, thus hindering the 2030 Agenda. The fast development of AI requires appropriate policy and regulation to ensure transparency, accountability, safety, and ethical standards. There is a lack of research on the medium- and long-term impacts of AI, so it is essential to reinforce global debate and develop regulatory insight for AI-based technologies. AI can act as an enabler for 76% of the SDG targets, particularly in the Society, Economy, and Environment groups. However, it may also have negative impacts, such as increasing inequalities and affecting climate action. AI can support low-carbon systems and improve environmental outcomes, but may also lead to over-exploitation of resources. In the Economy group, AI can have positive impacts on productivity and innovation, but may exacerbate inequality within and between countries. In the Environment group, AI can help with climate action, life below water, and life on land, but may also lead to environmental degradation. The study highlights research gaps in AI's role in sustainable development, including the need for more real-world applications and ethical considerations. AI applications are currently biased towards issues relevant to wealthy nations, and there is a risk that AI technologies may exacerbate inequalities between wealthy and less wealthy nations. The study calls for the development of AI solutions that respond to localized problems in less wealthy nations and for the establishment of adequate policy and regulation frameworks to ensure AI benefits all individuals and the environment. The study emphasizes the need for global and science-driven debate to develop shared principles and regulations for AI to ensure it positively contributes to the achievement of all SDGs. It also highlights the importance of transparency, accountability, and ethical standards in AI development. The study concludes that AI has the potential to positively impact all SDGs, but its development must be carefully managed to avoid negative consequences.Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study finds that AI can support 128 targets across all SDGs, but may also hinder 58 targets. AI can improve efficiency and productivity, but may increase inequalities, thus hindering the 2030 Agenda. The fast development of AI requires appropriate policy and regulation to ensure transparency, accountability, safety, and ethical standards. There is a lack of research on the medium- and long-term impacts of AI, so it is essential to reinforce global debate and develop regulatory insight for AI-based technologies. AI can act as an enabler for 76% of the SDG targets, particularly in the Society, Economy, and Environment groups. However, it may also have negative impacts, such as increasing inequalities and affecting climate action. AI can support low-carbon systems and improve environmental outcomes, but may also lead to over-exploitation of resources. In the Economy group, AI can have positive impacts on productivity and innovation, but may exacerbate inequality within and between countries. In the Environment group, AI can help with climate action, life below water, and life on land, but may also lead to environmental degradation. The study highlights research gaps in AI's role in sustainable development, including the need for more real-world applications and ethical considerations. AI applications are currently biased towards issues relevant to wealthy nations, and there is a risk that AI technologies may exacerbate inequalities between wealthy and less wealthy nations. The study calls for the development of AI solutions that respond to localized problems in less wealthy nations and for the establishment of adequate policy and regulation frameworks to ensure AI benefits all individuals and the environment. The study emphasizes the need for global and science-driven debate to develop shared principles and regulations for AI to ensure it positively contributes to the achievement of all SDGs. It also highlights the importance of transparency, accountability, and ethical standards in AI development. The study concludes that AI has the potential to positively impact all SDGs, but its development must be carefully managed to avoid negative consequences.