The paper discusses the role of conservation agriculture (CA) in sustainable agriculture, focusing on minimal soil disturbance (no-till, NT) and permanent soil cover (mulch) combined with crop rotations. It explores the benefits of tillage in agriculture before introducing conservation tillage (CT), a practice that emerged from the American Dust Bowl of the 1930s. CA is presented as an improvement over CT, significantly enhancing soil properties and other biotic factors. The paper highlights case studies from the rice-wheat systems of South Asia and the irrigated maize-wheat systems of Northwest Mexico, demonstrating how CA practices have raised production sustainably and profitably. It also discusses the environmental benefits, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and concludes that promoting and adopting CA management systems can help meet the goal of sustainably producing more food from less land in the next decade.The paper discusses the role of conservation agriculture (CA) in sustainable agriculture, focusing on minimal soil disturbance (no-till, NT) and permanent soil cover (mulch) combined with crop rotations. It explores the benefits of tillage in agriculture before introducing conservation tillage (CT), a practice that emerged from the American Dust Bowl of the 1930s. CA is presented as an improvement over CT, significantly enhancing soil properties and other biotic factors. The paper highlights case studies from the rice-wheat systems of South Asia and the irrigated maize-wheat systems of Northwest Mexico, demonstrating how CA practices have raised production sustainably and profitably. It also discusses the environmental benefits, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and concludes that promoting and adopting CA management systems can help meet the goal of sustainably producing more food from less land in the next decade.