This review discusses the role of executive function (EF) and attention in healthy walking and gait disorders. It highlights the increasing evidence that alterations in EF and attention are linked to gait disturbances. The review covers the physiology underlying these cognitive processes, describes clinical findings and consequences, and discusses the physiological mechanisms involved. It also summarizes the implications of these associations for daily life and suggests how assessments of EF and attention can be applied in clinical settings to identify and understand gait disorders and fall risk. The review emphasizes the importance of dual-tasking methodologies in testing attentional demands during gait and presents relevant studies in healthy adults and patients. It concludes by suggesting potential treatments, including training strategies and pharmacological interventions, to improve gait and reduce dual-tasking costs.This review discusses the role of executive function (EF) and attention in healthy walking and gait disorders. It highlights the increasing evidence that alterations in EF and attention are linked to gait disturbances. The review covers the physiology underlying these cognitive processes, describes clinical findings and consequences, and discusses the physiological mechanisms involved. It also summarizes the implications of these associations for daily life and suggests how assessments of EF and attention can be applied in clinical settings to identify and understand gait disorders and fall risk. The review emphasizes the importance of dual-tasking methodologies in testing attentional demands during gait and presents relevant studies in healthy adults and patients. It concludes by suggesting potential treatments, including training strategies and pharmacological interventions, to improve gait and reduce dual-tasking costs.