Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate seizures. Despite advancements in pharmacological and surgical treatments, the mechanisms underlying individual seizures and the transition from a healthy brain to an epileptic one remain poorly understood. This review highlights the growing body of evidence suggesting that inflammatory mediators, released by both brain cells and peripheral immune cells, play a crucial role in both the origin of individual seizures and the epileptogenic process. The authors discuss the evidence from clinical and experimental studies linking inflammation to epilepsy, the mechanisms by which seizures induce inflammation, and the potential impact of inflammation on seizure occurrence and severity. They also explore the possibility that inflammation contributes to neuronal death and the development of epilepsy. Finally, they consider the implications of these findings for the development of new molecular targets for antiepileptic drugs, which could potentially prevent or abrogate disease progression.Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate seizures. Despite advancements in pharmacological and surgical treatments, the mechanisms underlying individual seizures and the transition from a healthy brain to an epileptic one remain poorly understood. This review highlights the growing body of evidence suggesting that inflammatory mediators, released by both brain cells and peripheral immune cells, play a crucial role in both the origin of individual seizures and the epileptogenic process. The authors discuss the evidence from clinical and experimental studies linking inflammation to epilepsy, the mechanisms by which seizures induce inflammation, and the potential impact of inflammation on seizure occurrence and severity. They also explore the possibility that inflammation contributes to neuronal death and the development of epilepsy. Finally, they consider the implications of these findings for the development of new molecular targets for antiepileptic drugs, which could potentially prevent or abrogate disease progression.