N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent and conserved internal modification in eukaryotic RNAs, particularly in higher eukaryotic cells. m6A is added by methyltransferases (writers) and removed by demethylases (erasers), and recognized by m6A-binding proteins (readers). Recent studies have highlighted the essential role of m6A RNA modification in physiological and pathological conditions, especially in human cancers. This review discusses how m6A RNA methylation influences the physiological and pathological progressions of hematopoietic, central nervous, and reproductive systems. It focuses on recent progress in identifying the biological functions, molecular mechanisms, regulators, and downstream target genes of m6A RNA methylation during cancer progression in these systems. The authors propose that m6A RNA methylation may serve as a potential target for cancer therapy in the future.N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent and conserved internal modification in eukaryotic RNAs, particularly in higher eukaryotic cells. m6A is added by methyltransferases (writers) and removed by demethylases (erasers), and recognized by m6A-binding proteins (readers). Recent studies have highlighted the essential role of m6A RNA modification in physiological and pathological conditions, especially in human cancers. This review discusses how m6A RNA methylation influences the physiological and pathological progressions of hematopoietic, central nervous, and reproductive systems. It focuses on recent progress in identifying the biological functions, molecular mechanisms, regulators, and downstream target genes of m6A RNA methylation during cancer progression in these systems. The authors propose that m6A RNA methylation may serve as a potential target for cancer therapy in the future.