This review explores the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the gastric cancer (GC) tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting their critical impact on tumor progression and patient prognosis. MiRNAs regulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, through multiple signaling pathways, cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes. The TME, which includes tumor cells, extracellular matrix, blood vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and immune cells, plays a significant role in GC development and progression. MiRNAs influence these interactions by modulating the TME, and their dysregulation contributes to the poor prognosis of GC patients. The review also discusses the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, emphasizing the need for further research to understand their complex mechanisms and develop targeted therapies. Additionally, the role of *Helicobacter pylori* and Epstein-Barr virus in modulating miRNA expression and the immune response is highlighted, along with the impact of miRNAs on angiogenesis, CAFs, immunosuppressive cells, and chemoresistance. The findings suggest that miRNAs are crucial in the regulation of the GC TME and offer valuable insights for improving GC prognosis and treatment.This review explores the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the gastric cancer (GC) tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting their critical impact on tumor progression and patient prognosis. MiRNAs regulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, through multiple signaling pathways, cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes. The TME, which includes tumor cells, extracellular matrix, blood vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and immune cells, plays a significant role in GC development and progression. MiRNAs influence these interactions by modulating the TME, and their dysregulation contributes to the poor prognosis of GC patients. The review also discusses the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, emphasizing the need for further research to understand their complex mechanisms and develop targeted therapies. Additionally, the role of *Helicobacter pylori* and Epstein-Barr virus in modulating miRNA expression and the immune response is highlighted, along with the impact of miRNAs on angiogenesis, CAFs, immunosuppressive cells, and chemoresistance. The findings suggest that miRNAs are crucial in the regulation of the GC TME and offer valuable insights for improving GC prognosis and treatment.