This review article examines the socio-economic performance of agroecology across a wide range of case studies and socio-economic indicators. Using a rapid review methodology, over 13,000 publications were screened to gather evidence on the socio-economic outcomes of agroecological practices. The results indicate that agroecological practices are more often associated with positive socio-economic outcomes (51% positive, 30% negative, 10% neutral, 9% inconclusive). Financial capital metrics (83% of total) are the most frequently assessed and show positive outcomes in a large share of cases (53%), due to improvements in income, revenues, productivity, and efficiency. Human capital metrics (16%) are associated with more negative outcomes (46% vs 38% positive), due to higher labour requirements and costs, but are partly offset by higher labour productivity (55%). Socio-economic outcomes vary depending on the agroecological practice, with agroforestry showing 53% positive outcomes and cropping system diversification 35%. These results suggest a generally positive potential for farms to benefit from agroecological practices. However, the magnitude, temporal aspects, and success factors of these outcomes, as well as trade-offs between them and system-level effects of an agroecological transition, require further assessment. The study contributes to the literature by collecting evidence from a large number of studies and expanding the scope of socio-economic indicators and agroecological practices considered. It provides a systematic framework for evaluating the socio-economic performance of agroecology and highlights the need for further research to better understand the socio-economic benefits of agroecology and to design policies that support its adoption.This review article examines the socio-economic performance of agroecology across a wide range of case studies and socio-economic indicators. Using a rapid review methodology, over 13,000 publications were screened to gather evidence on the socio-economic outcomes of agroecological practices. The results indicate that agroecological practices are more often associated with positive socio-economic outcomes (51% positive, 30% negative, 10% neutral, 9% inconclusive). Financial capital metrics (83% of total) are the most frequently assessed and show positive outcomes in a large share of cases (53%), due to improvements in income, revenues, productivity, and efficiency. Human capital metrics (16%) are associated with more negative outcomes (46% vs 38% positive), due to higher labour requirements and costs, but are partly offset by higher labour productivity (55%). Socio-economic outcomes vary depending on the agroecological practice, with agroforestry showing 53% positive outcomes and cropping system diversification 35%. These results suggest a generally positive potential for farms to benefit from agroecological practices. However, the magnitude, temporal aspects, and success factors of these outcomes, as well as trade-offs between them and system-level effects of an agroecological transition, require further assessment. The study contributes to the literature by collecting evidence from a large number of studies and expanding the scope of socio-economic indicators and agroecological practices considered. It provides a systematic framework for evaluating the socio-economic performance of agroecology and highlights the need for further research to better understand the socio-economic benefits of agroecology and to design policies that support its adoption.